java的编程之旅7——switch选择语句

switch(/**整型、字符或者字符串表达式**/){
    case 值1:
    case 值2: [break;]
    case 值n:
    default:
}

根据switch 括号内的值分别与case后的值做匹配，如果匹配成功则执行case后的语句，程序如果没有遇到break，程序将向下执行，并且不再匹配其他case值

break的用法：

当程序遇到break，可跳出当前语句块

default的用法：

当匹配完所有的case分支之后，如果仍未发现匹配成功，则执行default后的语句，类似if...else语句中else的用法

例1：判断成绩等级（switch方法）

public class practice {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入分数:");
        int score = sc.nextInt();
        switch(score/10){
            case 10: case 9:
                System.out.println("成绩为A");
                break;
            case 8:
                System.out.println("成绩为B");
                break;
            case 7:
                System.out.println("成绩为C");
                break;
            case 6:
                System.out.println("成绩为D");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("不及格");

        }
    }
}

例2：基础计算器

public class Calculate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入第一个数:");
        int num1 = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("输入运算符(+、-、*、/):");
        String c = sc.next();
        System.out.println("输入第二个数:");
        int num2 = sc.nextInt();
        switch(c){
            case "+":
                System.out.println(num1+"+"+num2+"="+(num1+num2));
                break;
            case "-":
                System.out.println(num1+"-"+num2+"="+(num1-num2));
                break;
            case "*":
                System.out.println(num1+"*"+num2+"="+(num1*num2));
                break;
            case "/":                  //考虑除数不能为0的情况
                if(num2==0){
                    System.out.println("除数不能为0!");
                    System.exit(0);
                }else{
                    System.out.println(num1+"/"+num2+"="+(num1/num2));
                }
        }
    }
}

例3：根据年份判断月份有几天

public class judgeDay {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入年份:");
        int year = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("输入月份:");
        int month = sc.nextInt();
        if(month<0||month>12){
            System.out.println("月份非法~");
            System.exit(0);
        }else{
            int day = 0;
            switch(month){
                case 1: case 3: case 5: case 7: case 8: case 10: case 12:
                    day = 31;break;
                case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11:
                    day = 30;break;
                case 2:
                    day=((year%4==0||year%100!=0)||year%100==0)?29:28;
                    break;
            }
            System.out.printf("%d年%d月有%d天", year, month, day);
        }
    }
}