react-redux基本使用
1.redux
1.1 redux运行流程
1.1.1 actionCreators
actionCreators是redux运行的第一个角色，他将用户将要操作的内容包装成一个对象，{key：value}，包装成一个{type：data}，type为操作的类型，而data是操作具体的数值
1.1.2 store
store为redux最为核心的角色，虽然他接受actionCreators创造的对象，但实质并不是store去处理，而是store交给了他手下的reducers去处理，reducer处理完交给store保存和更新状态
1.1.3 reducers
reducer是redux整个工作中，处理状态的工作者，状态的处理最后都是交给了reducer去处理
2. 安装redux
在一个react-cli项目中，打开终端，输入
npm i redux
注意：redux并不是react官方创作，只不过redux和react配合更加出众，甚至在Vue以及Angular都可以用redux去管理状态，但在Vue中Vue开发者团队打造了一个更适合Vue的Vuex
3.在react中操作redux
3.1 创建最为核心的store
redux在底层采用了分别暴露的方式
import {createStore} from "redux"
export default createStore("这里要放入reducer")
3.2 创建为store工作的reducer
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "../constant"
const initPre = 0
export default function countReducer(preState = initPre, action) {
const {type, data} = action
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT:
return preState + data
case DECREMENT:
return preState - data
default:
return preState
}
}
reducer函数可以接受两个参数，第一个参数是原状态，第二个参数是action对象，注意在一开始reducer可以初始化，在es6中可以在定义形参时传入默认值，在reducer初始化时是需要原状态，这里定义了一个变量initPre，用来指定state的初始值为0
3.3 redux的响应式处理
在上述代码基础上我们就创建了一个最简版的redux，但redux状态的改变并不能引起页面的变化，那是因为react没有监视redux状态的变化，所以我们要在index.js中加入redux的监听
store.subscribe(() => {
root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<Provider store={store}>
<App/>
</Provider>
</React.StrictMode>
)
})
这样redux的状态修改就可以引起react发生重新渲染
4.完整版redux
再用react-redux之前我们要完善actionCreators
上述说过actionCreators的功能是创建action对象，我们之前可以手动的创建action对象，但actionCreators可以完成
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "../constant"
const createIncrementAction = data => ({type: INCREMENT, data})
const createDecrementAction = data => ({type: DECREMENT, data})
const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data, time) => dispatch => {setTimeout(() => {
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
}, time)
}
export {createDecrementAction, createIncrementAction, createIncrementAsyncAction}
4.1 redux异步action
redux不仅为我们同步生成action的方法，还提供了异步action，比如像ajax，计时器这样的副作用我们可以运用异步action
const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data, time) => dispatch => {setTimeout(() => {
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
}, time)
}
4.2 thunk中间件
在redux中我们是不能让action成为一个函数，但在thunk中间件的基础上我们就可以redux支持异步函数式的action
4.2.1安装thunk
npm i thunk
4.2.2 在创建store时引用中间件
import {createStore, applyMiddleware} from "redux"
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
export default createStore(countReducer,applyMiddleware(thunk))
4.3 redux异步action
在这时redux就可以支持异步action
5. react-redux
5.1 react-redux的流程图
5.2 Count容器组件
5.2.1 容器组件
容器组件时redux和reactUI组件的中间桥梁，容器组件拿到redux的状态然后通过props的方法传给reactUI组件使用，如果UI组件要修改状态，同样也要通过容器组件，再由容器组件交给redux处理
5.2.2 创建容器组件
import React, {Component, Fragment} from "react"
import {connect} from "react-redux"
import {createDecrementAction, createIncrementAction, createIncrementAsyncAction} from "../../redux/action/count"
class Count extends Component {
increment = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.increment(parseInt(value))
}
decrement = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.decrement(parseInt(value))
}
incrementIfOdd = () => {
if (this.props.count % 2 !== 0) {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.increment(parseInt(value))
}
}
incrementAsync = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.incrementAsync(parseInt(value), 500)
}
render() {
return (
<Fragment>
<h1>Count组件,Person组件的人数为{this.props.person.length}</h1>
<h2>当前的和为{this.props.count}</h2>
<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
<option value={1}>1</option>
<option value={2}>2</option>
<option value={3}>3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当和为奇数时加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</Fragment>
)
}
}
const mapStateToProps = state => ({count: state.count, person: state.person})
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({
increment: number => dispatch(createIncrementAction(number)),
decrement: number => dispatch(createDecrementAction(number)),
incrementAsync: (number, time) => dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(number, time))
})
const CountContainer = connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Count)
export default CountContainer
5.2.3 connect函数
react-redux为我们提供这个函数，来构建容器组件，从而构建桥梁，connect运用了函数的柯理化技术，可以为UI组件传递redux的状态以及操作状态的方法
mapStateToProps作为调用柯理化函数的第一个参数，该方法的作用是为UI组件提供redux的状态
mapDispatchToProps作为调用柯理化函数的第二个参数，该方法为UI组件提供操作状态的方法
5.3 Provider
我们可以用react-redux给我们提供的一个标签，为后代的UI组件自动分配store，来到index.js中
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import './index.css';
import App from './App';
import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
import store from "./redux/store";
import {Provider} from "react-redux"
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<Provider store={store}>
<App/>
</Provider>
</React.StrictMode>
);
reportWebVitals();
5.4 注意
在之前我们要手动添加针对redux的状态的监听，但引入react-redux之后我们不需要再添加，因为react-redux为我们在底层做了处理
6.redux开发者工具
6.1 开发者工具
我们可以在浏览器的扩展里下载redux开发者工具，从而实现更好的开发体验
6.2通过代码触发开发者工具
6.2.1 redux-devtools-extension
安装redux-devtools-extension
npm i redux-devtools-extension
6.2.2在创建store时触发开发这工具
import {createStore, applyMiddleware, combineReducers} from "redux"
import countReducer from "./reducer/count"
import personReducer from "./reducer/person";
import {composeWithDevTools} from "redux-devtools-extension"
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
const allReducer = combineReducers({count: countReducer, person: personReducer})
export default createStore(allReducer, composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))
7.多个reducer处理
在创建store时我们不做特殊处理的化我们只能引用一个reducer
这时我们就需要一个api—combineReducers进行整合
import {createStore, applyMiddleware, combineReducers} from "redux"
import countReducer from "./reducer/count"
import personReducer from "./reducer/person";
import {composeWithDevTools} from "redux-devtools-extension"
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
const allReducer = combineReducers({count: countReducer, person: personReducer})
export default createStore(allReducer, composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))
8.源码
8.1 容器组件Count
import React, {Component, Fragment} from "react"
import {connect} from "react-redux"
import {createDecrementAction, createIncrementAction, createIncrementAsyncAction} from "../../redux/action/count"
class Count extends Component {
increment = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.increment(parseInt(value))
}
decrement = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.decrement(parseInt(value))
}
incrementIfOdd = () => {
if (this.props.count % 2 !== 0) {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.increment(parseInt(value))
}
}
incrementAsync = () => {
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.incrementAsync(parseInt(value), 500)
}
render() {
return (
<Fragment>
<h1>Count组件,Person组件的人数为{this.props.person.length}</h1>
<h2>当前的和为{this.props.count}</h2>
<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
<option value={1}>1</option>
<option value={2}>2</option>
<option value={3}>3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当和为奇数时加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</Fragment>
)
}
}
const mapStateToProps = state => ({count: state.count, person: state.person})
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({
increment: number => dispatch(createIncrementAction(number)),
decrement: number => dispatch(createDecrementAction(number)),
incrementAsync: (number, time) => dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(number, time))
})
const CountContainer = connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Count)
export default CountContainer
8.2 容器组件Person
import React, {Component, Fragment, PureComponent} from "react"
import {nanoid} from "nanoid"
import {connect} from "react-redux"
import {createAddPersonAction} from "../../redux/action/person"
class Person extends Component {
addPersons = () => {
const name = this.nameNode.value
const age = this.ageNode.value
const personObj = {id: nanoid(), name, age}
this.props.addPerson(personObj)
this.nameNode.value = ""
this.ageNode.value = ""
}
render() {
return (
<Fragment>
<h1>Person组件,Count组件的和为{this.props.count}</h1>
<input placeholder="输入名字" type="text" ref={c => this.nameNode = c}/>
<input placeholder="输入年龄" type="text" ref={c => this.ageNode = c}/>
<button onClick={this.addPersons}>添加</button>
<Length per={this.props.person}/>
<ul>
{
this.props.person.map(p => {
return <li key={p.id}>{p.name}----{p.age}</li>
})
}
</ul>
</Fragment>
)
}
}
class Length extends PureComponent {
render() {
return (
<Fragment>
<h2>人数为:{this.props.per.length}</h2>
</Fragment>
)
}
}
export default connect(
state => ({person: state.person, count: state.count}),
{
addPerson: createAddPersonAction
}
)(Person)
8.3 count_action.js
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "../constant"
const createIncrementAction = data => ({type: INCREMENT, data})
const createDecrementAction = data => ({type: DECREMENT, data})
const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data, time) => dispatch => {setTimeout(() => {
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
}, time)
}
export {createDecrementAction, createIncrementAction, createIncrementAsyncAction}
8.4 person_action.js
import {ADDPERSON} from "../constant"
export const createAddPersonAction = (personObj) => ({type: ADDPERSON, data: personObj})
8.5 count_reducer.js
import {INCREMENT, DECREMENT} from "../constant"
const initPre = 0
export default function countReducer(preState = initPre, action) {
const {type, data} = action
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT:
return preState + data
case DECREMENT:
return preState - data
default:
return preState
}
}
8.6 person_reducer.js
import {ADDPERSON} from "../constant"
const initState = []
export default function personReducer(preState = initState, action) {
const {type, data} = action
switch (type) {
case ADDPERSON:
return [...preState, data]
default:
return preState
}
}
8.7store.js
import {createStore, applyMiddleware, combineReducers} from "redux"
import countReducer from "./reducer/count"
import personReducer from "./reducer/person";
import {composeWithDevTools} from "redux-devtools-extension"
import thunk from "redux-thunk"
const allReducer = combineReducers({count: countReducer, person: personReducer})
export default createStore(allReducer, composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))
8.8 constant.js
const INCREMENT = "increment"
const DECREMENT = "decrement"
const ADDPERSON = "addPerson"
export {INCREMENT, DECREMENT, ADDPERSON}
8.9 app.js
import {Fragment} from "react"
import './App.css';
import Count from "./containers/Count";
import Person from "./containers/Person";
function App() {
return (
<Fragment>
<Count/>
<br/>
<Person/>
</Fragment>
);
}
export default App;
8.10 index.js
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import './index.css';
import App from './App';
import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
import store from "./redux/store";
import {Provider} from "react-redux"
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<Provider store={store}>
<App/>
</Provider>
</React.StrictMode>
);
reportWebVitals();
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