Recall that the permutation is an array consisting of nn distinct integers from 11 to nn in arbitrary order. For example, [2,3,1,5,4][2,3,1,5,4] is a permutation, but [1,2,2][1,2,2] is not a permutation (22 appears twice in the array) and [1,3,4][1,3,4] is also not a permutation (n=3n=3 but there is 44 in the array).
A sequence aa is a subsegment of a sequence bb if aa can be obtained from bb by deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) elements from the beginning and several (possibly, zero or all) elements from the end. We will denote the subsegments as [l,r][l,r], where l,rl,r are two integers with 1≤l≤r≤n1≤l≤r≤n. This indicates the subsegment where l−1l−1 elements from the beginning and n−rn−r elements from the end are deleted from the sequence.
For a permutation p1,p2,…,pnp1,p2,…,pn, we define a framed segment as a subsegment [l,r][l,r] where max{pl,pl+1,…,pr}−min{pl,pl+1,…,pr}=r−lmax{pl,pl+1,…,pr}−min{pl,pl+1,…,pr}=r−l. For example, for the permutation (6,7,1,8,5,3,2,4)(6,7,1,8,5,3,2,4) some of its framed segments are: [1,2],[5,8],[6,7],[3,3],[8,8][1,2],[5,8],[6,7],[3,3],[8,8]. In particular, a subsegment [i,i][i,i] is always a framed segments for any ii between 11 and nn, inclusive.
We define the happiness of a permutation pp as the number of pairs (l,r)(l,r) such that 1≤l≤r≤n1≤l≤r≤n, and [l,r][l,r] is a framed segment. For example, the permutation [3,1,2][3,1,2] has happiness 55: all segments except [1,2][1,2] are framed segments.
Given integers nn and mm, Jongwon wants to compute the sum of happiness for all permutations of length nn, modulo the prime number mm. Note that there exist n!n! (factorial of nn) different permutations of length nn.
Input
The only line contains two integers nn and mm (1≤n≤2500001≤n≤250000, 108≤m≤109108≤m≤109, mm is prime).
Output
Print rr (0≤r<m0≤r<m), the sum of happiness for all permutations of length nn, modulo a prime number mm.
Examples
input
Copy
1 993244853
output
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1
input
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2 993244853
output
Copy
6
input
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3 993244853
output
Copy
32
input
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2019 993244853
output
Copy
923958830
input
Copy
2020 437122297
output
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265955509
Note
For sample input n=3n=3, let's consider all permutations of length 33:
[1,2,3][1,2,3], all subsegments are framed segment. Happiness is 66.
[1,3,2][1,3,2], all subsegments except [1,2][1,2] are framed segment. Happiness is 55.
[2,1,3][2,1,3], all subsegments except [2,3][2,3] are framed segment. Happiness is 55.
[2,3,1][2,3,1], all subsegments except [2,3][2,3] are framed segment. Happiness is 55.
[3,1,2][3,1,2], all subsegments except [1,2][1,2] are framed segment. Happiness is 55.
[3,2,1][3,2,1], all subsegments are framed segment. Happiness is 66.
Thus, the sum of happiness is 6+5+5+5+5+6=326+5+5+5+5+6=32.
这个题,题目给了n的阶乘,毫无疑问一定是要用阶乘写的,所以首先利用组合数学把1-n的阶乘进行对模取余计算,存到数组a中,可以把i个数看做一个整体,对于排列是可以分成n-1个+1,n-2个+1....1个加(n-1)个,对于i个时他的排列方式应该有i!种,对应的n-i个中加上把i个数看成一个整体的排列方式具有(n-i+1)!种这仅仅是对于具有长度为i的子序列,按这样排列会具有(n-i+1)个满足这样的子序列,所以对应(i,n-i+1)它的排列方式具有i!*(n-i+1)!*(n-i+1)种,所以对其从1-n开始进行累加并对mod进行取模运算即可。
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N=1e6+10;
long long a[N];
int main(){
long long n,m;
cin>>n>>m;
a[1]=1;
for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
a[i]=a[i-1]*i%m;
}
long long sum=0;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
sum=(sum+a[i]*a[n-i+1]%m*(n-i+1)%m)%m;
}
cout<<sum<<"\n";
}