HttpClient快速入门（包含HttpClient使用案例）

1. HttpClient介绍

HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

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2. HttpClient作用：

• 发送HTTP请求
• 接收响应数据

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3. 核心API

• HttpClient
• HttpClients
• CloseableHttpClient
• HttpGet
• HttpPost

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4. 发送请求步骤

• 创建HttpClient对象
• 创建Http请求对象
• 调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求

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5. HttpClient的使用方式

• 在pom.xml文件中导入HttpClient的maven坐标

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
   <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
   <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

• 使用案例

@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {
    /*
     * 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求
     * */
    @Test
    public void testGET() throws Exception {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");

        //发送请求，接收响应结果
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        //获取服务器返回的状态码
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("服务器返回的状态码为：" + statusCode);

        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务器返回的数据为：" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }


    /*
     * 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求
     * */
    @Test
    public void testPOST() throws Exception {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("username", "admin");
        jsonObject.put("password", "123456");

        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
        //指定请求编码方式
        entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
        //数据格式
        entity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);

        //发送请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

        //解析返回结果
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("响应码为：" + statusCode);

        HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
        System.out.println("响应数据为：" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }
}