南京市公交线路提示(2022南航数据结构课设第四题)

[问题描述]

上网下载真实南京公交线路图,建立南京主要公交线路图的存储结构。

[基本要求]

(1)输入任意两站点,给出转车次数最少的乘车路线。

(2)输入任意两站点,给出经过站点最少的乘车路线。

[基本思路]

根据公交线路图建立两个邻接矩阵分别记为f,f2,一个表示两站被一条线路相连,一个表示两站相邻。

转车最少的乘车路线即针对f求最短路径,过站最少的乘车路线即针对f2求最短路径。

在笔者的代码中,最短路径的求法采用了迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法,时间复杂度为o(n^2)。对于此题的五千多个站点来讲够用。

在输出的时候,为了输出搭乘公交车的路数,我提前建立了一个set<int>数组进行线路上的站点存储,对于最少转车来讲,我根据每一辆车的上车点和下车点来寻找所搭乘的路线,直接输出即可。对于最少过站来讲稍微麻烦一点,因为要输出所有的过站,而搭乘一辆车可能过多站,我就是根据相邻两站判断所乘车次,再与前一次所乘车次进行对比,若相同,则输出“过 XXX站 ”,否则,前一次的输出为“到 XXX站 ”,这次的输出为“乘XXX路车从 XXX 站 "。

[代码实现]

1.头文件以及函数外变量定义

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<iomanip>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;
map<string, int>station;//记录站的编号
set<int>lines[995];//记录线路上的站
map<int, string>nistation;//翻译站的编号
int n = 1;//记录不同公交站点的个数
int disp[5130];//共5124站,开大一点备用
int pre[5130] = { 0 };
bool visited[5130] = { false };
bool f[5130][5130] = { 0 };//在一条线路上
bool f2[5130][5130] = { 0 };//相邻的两站

2.文件读入和邻接矩阵建立

void initialize()
{
	int* temp = new int[64];
	int num = 0;//记录一条线路上的站点个数
	int p = 0, lastp = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
	{
		temp[i] = 0;
	}
	fstream file("lines.txt", ios::in);
	if (file.fail())
	{
		cout << "文件打开失败!!!" << endl;
		exit(0);
	}
	int line = 0;
	while (!file.eof())
	{
		string s;
		file >> s;
		if (is_digit(s[0]) && !s.empty())
		{
			if (n != 1)
			{
				record(temp, num, line);
				conect(temp, num);
				p = lastp = 0;
				num = 0;
			}
			line = 0;
			int i = 0;
			while (is_digit(s[i]))
			{
				line = line * 10 + int(s[i] - '0');
				i++;
			}
			continue;
		}
		if (!is_digit(s[0]) && !s.empty())
		{
			if (station.find(s) == station.end())
			{
				station[s] = n;
				nistation[n] = s;
				n++;
				temp[num] = n;
			}
			temp[num] = station[s];
			lastp = p;
			p = station[s];
			if (lastp != 0)
			{
				f2[p][lastp] = 1;
				f2[lastp][p] = 1;
			}
			num++;
		}
	}
	record(temp, num, line);
	conect(temp, num);
}

3.源代码

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<iomanip>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;
map<string, int>station;
set<int>lines[995];
map<int, string>nistation;
int n = 1;//记录不同公交站点的个数
int disp[5130];//共5124站,开大一点备用
int pre[5130] = { 0 };
bool visited[5130] = { false };
bool f[5130][5130] = { 0 };//在一条线路上
bool f2[5130][5130] = { 0 };//相邻的两站
bool is_digit(char c)
{
	if (c <= '9' && c >= '0')
		return true;
	return false;
}
void be_back()
{
	fill(visited, visited + n, false);
	fill(pre, pre + n, 0);
	fill(disp, disp + n + 1, 9999999);
	for (int i = 0; i <= n + 5; i++)
	{
		pre[i] = i;//初始状态设每个点的前驱为自身
	}
}
void conect(int* temp, int num)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < num; j++)
		{
			f[temp[i]][temp[j]] = 1;
			f[temp[j]][temp[i]] = 1;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		temp[i] = 0;
	}
}
void record(int* temp, int num,int line)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		//cout << nistation[temp[i]];
		lines[line].insert(temp[i]);
	}
}
void initialize()
{
	int* temp = new int[64];
	/*int max= 0;
	int maxp = 0;*/
	int num = 0;//记录一条线路上的站点个数
	int p = 0, lastp = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
	{
		temp[i] = 0;
	}
	fstream file("lines.txt", ios::in);
	if (file.fail())
	{
		cout << "文件打开失败!!!" << endl;
		exit(0);
	}
	int line = 0;
	/*clock_t start;
	clock_t	end;
	start = clock();*/
	while (!file.eof())
	{
		string s;
		file >> s;
		if (is_digit(s[0]) && !s.empty())
		{
			if (n != 1)
			{
				record(temp, num, line);
				conect(temp, num);
				p = lastp = 0;
				/*if (max < num)
				{
					max = num;
					maxp = line;
				}*/
				num = 0;
			}
			line = 0;
			int i = 0;
			while (is_digit(s[i]))
			{
				line = line * 10 + int(s[i] - '0');
				i++;
			}
			//cout << line << endl;
			continue;
		}
		if (!is_digit(s[0]) && !s.empty())
		{
			if (station.find(s) == station.end())
			{
				station[s] = n;
				nistation[n] = s;
				n++;
				temp[num] = n;
			}
			temp[num] = station[s];
			lastp = p;
			p = station[s];
			if (lastp != 0)
			{
				f2[p][lastp] = 1;
				f2[lastp][p] = 1;
			}
			num++;
		}
	}
	record(temp, num, line);
	conect(temp, num);
	//cout << max << ' ' << maxp << endl;
	//file.close();
	//end = clock();
	//double endtime = (double)(end - start) / clocks_per_sec;
	//cout << "total time:" << endtime << endl;		//s为单位
	//cout << n - 1;
	//cout << nistation[5123];
	//fstream stationfile("station.txt", ios::out);
	//for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	//{
	//	stationfile << nistation[i] << '\n';
	//}
}
void minzhuan()
{
	string station1, station2;
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "起始站:";
		cin >> station1;
		if (station.find(station1) == station.end())
		{
			cout << "不存在该站!!!" << endl << "请重新输入!!!";
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "终点站:";
		cin >> station2;
		if (station.find(station2) == station.end())
		{
			cout << "不存在该站!!!" << endl << "请重新输入!!!";
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	//cout << station1 << station2;
	int s1 = station[station1], s2 = station[station2];
	//cout << s1 << s2;
	if (f[s1][s2])
	{
		cout << "不需转车";
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		return;
	}
	be_back();
	disp[s1] = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n + 5; i++)
	{
		int u = -1, min = 9999999;
		for (int j = 1; j <= n + 5; j++)
		{
			if (visited[j] == false && disp[j] <= min)
			{
				u = j;
				min = disp[j];
			}
		}
		if (u == -1)
			break;
		visited[u] = true;
		for (int v = 1; v <= n; v++) 
		{
			if (visited[v] == false && f[u][v] == 1)
			{
				if (disp[u] + 1 < disp[v]) {
					disp[v] = disp[u] + 1;
					pre[v] = u;//pre保存当前结点的上一个节点,以便输出最短路线
				}
			}
		}
	}
	stack<int> myStack;
	int temp = s2;
	myStack.push(s2);//先加终点 
	while (s1 != temp) 
	{
		temp = pre[temp];
		myStack.push(temp);//注意这里是把当前点的上一个结点放进去,此时换成了temp 
	}
	cout << "起点" << station1 << "到" << station2 << "转车最少的路线为: "<<endl;
	int nz = 0;
	while (!myStack.empty()) 
	{
		nz++;
		string s(100, '\0');
		s = nistation[myStack.top()];
		myStack.pop();
		int way[10] = { 0 };
		if (!myStack.empty())
		{
			int k = 0;
			string s2 = nistation[myStack.top()];
			for (int i = 1; i < 991; i++)
			{
				if (lines[i].find(station[s]) != lines[i].end())
				{
					if (lines[i].find(station[s2]) != lines[i].end())
					{
						way[k] = i;
						k++;
					}
				}
			}
			cout << "乘 ";
			if (k == 1)
				cout << setw(3) << way[0] << " 路汽车从" << s << "到" << s2 << endl;
			else
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < k - 1; i++)
				{
					cout << way[i] << " 或 ";
				}
				cout << setw(3) << way[k - 1] << " 路汽车从" << s << "到" << s2 << endl;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "到站" << endl;
		}
		//cout << s << " ";
	}
	cout << endl << "需要转" << nz - 2 << "次车" << endl;
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	return;
}
void minzhan()
{
	string station1, station2;
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "起始站:";
		cin >> station1;
		if (station.find(station1) == station.end())
		{
			cout << "不存在该站!!!" << endl << "请重新输入!!!";
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "终点站:";
		cin >> station2;
		if (station.find(station2) == station.end())
		{
			cout << "不存在该站!!!" << endl << "请重新输入!!!";
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	int s1 = station[station1], s2 = station[station2];
	if (f2[s1][s2])
	{
		cout << "两站相邻";
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		return;
	}
	be_back();
	disp[s1] = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	{
		int u = -1, min = 9999999;
		for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
		{
			if (visited[j] == false && disp[j] <= min)
			{
				u = j;
				min = disp[j];
			}
		}
		if (u == -1)
			break;
		visited[u] = true;
		for (int v = 1; v <= n; v++) {
			if (visited[v] == false && f2[u][v] == 1)
			{
				if (disp[u] + 1 < disp[v]) {
					disp[v] = disp[u] + 1;
					pre[v] = u;//pre保存当前结点的上一个节点,以便输出最短路线
					//cout << v << " " << pre[v] << endl;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	stack<int> myStack;
	int temp = s2;
	myStack.push(s2);//先加终点 
	while (s1 != temp)
	{
		temp = pre[temp];
		myStack.push(temp);//注意这里是把当前点的上一个结点放进去,此时换成了temp 
	}
	cout << "起点" << station1 << "到" << station2 << "过站最少的路线为: " << endl;
	int nz = 0;
	int last = -1;
	bool flag2 = 1;
	while (!myStack.empty())
	{
		nz++;
		string s(100, '\0');
		s = nistation[myStack.top()];
		myStack.pop();
		int way[10] = { 0 };
		bool flag = 1;
		if (!myStack.empty())
		{
			int k = 0;
			string s2 = nistation[myStack.top()];
			for (int i = 1; i < 991; i++)
			{
				if (lines[i].find(station[s]) != lines[i].end())
				{
					if (lines[i].find(station[s2]) != lines[i].end())
					{
						if (i != last)
						{
							last = i;
							flag = 0;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			if (flag == 0)
			{
				if (flag2 != 1)
				{
					cout << " 到 " << s << endl;
				}
				cout << "乘 " << setw(3) << last << " 路车从 " << s;
				flag2 = 0;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << " 过 " << s;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			cout << " 到 " << s << endl;
			cout << "到站" << endl;
		}
		//cout << s << " ";
	}
	cout << endl << "需要过" << nz - 2 << "站" << endl;
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	return;
}
int main()
{
	initialize();
	//for (set<int>::iterator i = lines[990].begin(); i != lines[990].end(); i++)
	//	cout << *i << endl; //注意指针运算符
	while (1)
	{
		int choice;
		
		cout << "1.输入任意两站点,给出转车次数最少的乘车路线。" << endl;
		cout << "2.输入任意两站点,给出经过站点最少的乘车路线。" << endl;
		cout << "3.退出" << endl;
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 3:return 0;
		case 1:minzhuan(); break;
		case 2:minzhan(); break;
		}
	}
}

[运行结果] 

[所用文件格式]

 

下载地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_63343322/87262277

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