springmvc入门

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已于 2022-08-29 12:18:17 修改

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分类专栏： SpringMVC 文章标签： spring java idea

于 2022-08-17 00:36:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63531940/article/details/126377027

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1、首先在pom文件中添加Spring-mvc的依赖

2、JSTL依赖

3、在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml(spring-mvc.xml)

4、修改web.xml：

5 、HelloController :

三、Spring常用注解及返回值

本次目标：

Springmvc简介及配置
Springmvc之helloword实现
Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理

一、Springmvc简介及配置

1、什么是springmvc

Spring MVC是一个基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架，通过把Model，View，Controller分离，将web层进行职责解耦，把复杂的web应用分成逻辑清晰的几部分，简化开发，减少出错，方便组内开发人员之间的配合。

2、名词解释

视图层框架 Springmvc部分功能是向用户渲染展示数据
控制层框架 DispatcherServlet：接收浏览器端的任意请求然后寻找对应的子控制器(适配器*Adapter) 处理浏览器请求

DIspatcherServlet：中央控制器
HandlerMapping：处理器映射器
HandlerAdapter：处理器适配器
ModelAndView：模型视图
ViewResolver：视图解析器
view：视图对象

3、 SpringMVC核心开发步骤

3.1 DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述，从而拦截请求到springMVC

3.2 HandlerMapping的配置，从而将请求映射到处理器

3.3 HandlerAdapter的配置，从而支持多种类型的处理器

3.4 处理器(页面控制器)的配置，从而刊行功能处理

3.5 ViewResolver的配置，从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术

二、helloworld实现

1、首先在pom文件中添加Spring-mvc的依赖

 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

2、JSTL依赖

<dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
          <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.2</version>
      </dependency>

3、在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml(spring-mvc.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
    <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ps.ssm"/>

    <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
    <!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，-->
    <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--3) ViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
        <property name="viewClass"
                  value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
<!--    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>-->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->


</beans>

4、修改web.xml：

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
 
  <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步-->
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5 、HelloController :

package com.ps.ssm.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author 彭于晏
 * @site www.pengyuyan.com
 * @company 玉渊工作室
 * @create 2022-08-16 19:03
 */

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        System.out.println("hello springmvc");
        return "index";
    }
}

Hello.jsp:


<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
SpringMVC 你好
${msg}
</body>
</html>

运行效果：

三、Spring常用注解及返回值

BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.zking.ssm.mapper.BookMapper" >
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" >
    <constructor >
      <idArg column="bid" jdbcType="INTEGER" javaType="java.lang.Integer" />
      <arg column="bname" jdbcType="VARCHAR" javaType="java.lang.String" />
      <arg column="price" jdbcType="REAL" javaType="java.lang.Float" />
    </constructor>
  </resultMap>
  <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
    bid, bname, price
  </sql>
  <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" >
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from t_mvc_book
    where bid = #{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>
 
  <select id="selectByIn" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.util.List" >
    select
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from t_mvc_book
    where bid in
    <foreach collection="bookIds" open="(" close=")" separator="," item="bid">
      #{bid}
    </foreach>
  </select>
 
  <delete id="deleteByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" >
    delete from t_mvc_book
    where bid = #{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </delete>
  <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" >
    insert into t_mvc_book (bid, bname, price
      )
    values (#{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER}, #{bname,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{price,jdbcType=REAL}
      )
  </insert>
  <insert id="insertSelective" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" >
    insert into t_mvc_book
    <trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="bid != null" >
        bid,
      </if>
      <if test="bname != null" >
        bname,
      </if>
      <if test="price != null" >
        price,
      </if>
    </trim>
    <trim prefix="values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="bid != null" >
        #{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER},
      </if>
      <if test="bname != null" >
        #{bname,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="price != null" >
        #{price,jdbcType=REAL},
      </if>
    </trim>
  </insert>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" >
    update t_mvc_book
    <set >
      <if test="bname != null" >
        bname = #{bname,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="price != null" >
        price = #{price,jdbcType=REAL},
      </if>
    </set>
    where bid = #{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </update>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKey" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" >
    update t_mvc_book
    set bname = #{bname,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      price = #{price,jdbcType=REAL}
    where bid = #{bid,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </update>
 
  <select id="selectBooksLike1" resultType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="java.lang.String">
  select * from t_mvc_book where bname like #{bname}
</select>
  <select id="selectBooksLike2" resultType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="java.lang.String">
  select * from t_mvc_book where bname like '${bname}'
</select>
  <select id="selectBooksLike3" resultType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="java.lang.String">
  select * from t_mvc_book where bname like concat('%',#{bname},'%')
</select>
 
 
  <select id="list1" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
  select * from t_mvc_book
</select>
  <select id="list2" resultType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book">
  select * from t_mvc_book
</select>
  <select id="list3" resultType="com.zking.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.BookVo">
    select * from t_mvc_book where bid in
    <foreach collection="bookIds" open="(" close=")" separator="," item="bid">
      #{bid}
    </foreach>
  </select>
  <select id="list4" resultType="java.util.Map">
  select * from t_mvc_book
</select>
  <select id="list5" resultType="java.util.Map" parameterType="java.util.Map">
  select * from t_mvc_book where bid = #{bid}
</select>
 
  <select id="listPager" resultType="java.util.Map" parameterType="java.util.Map">
  select * from t_mvc_book where bname like concat(concat('%',#{bname}),'%')
</select>
 
  <select id="list6" resultType="com.ps.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.BookVo">
    select * from t_mvc_book
    <where>
      <if test="null != min and min != ''">
        <![CDATA[  and #{min} < price ]]>
      </if>
      <if test="null != max and max != ''">
        <![CDATA[ and #{max} > price ]]>
      </if>
    </where>
  </select>
 
  <select id="list7" resultType="com.ps.ssm.model.Book" parameterType="com.zking.ssm.model.BookVo">
    select * from t_mvc_book
    <where>
      <if test="null != min and min != ''">
        and #{min} &lt; price
      </if>
      <if test="null != max and max != ''">
        and #{max} &gt; price
      </if>
    </where>
  </select>
 
</mapper>

BookMapper

package com.ps.ssm.mapper;
 
import com.ps.ssm.model.Book;
import com.ps.ssm.model.BookVo;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
@Repository
public interface BookMapper {
    int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer bid);
 
    int insert(Book record);
 
    int insertSelective(Book record);
 
    Book selectByPrimaryKey(Integer bid);
 
    int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Book record);
 
    int updateByPrimaryKey(Book record);
 
    //通过in关键字进行查询，讲解foreach标签的使用
    //如果说参数是非实体类(book,Order,....)，那么记得加上注解@param,bookIds是对应collection属性的
    List<Book> selectByIn(@Param("bookIds") List bookIds);
 
    List<Book> selectBooksLike1(@Param("bname") String bname);
    List<Book> selectBooksLike2(@Param("bname") String bname);
    List<Book> selectBooksLike3(@Param("bname") String bname);
 
    //list1、list2的结论是：对于单表查询而言，可以用Resutmap/resultType接收，但是多表必须用Resutmap接收
    List<Book> list1();
    List<Book> list2();
    //如果要传入多个查询参数，必须以对象的方式进行传递
    List<Book> list3(BookVo vo);
 
//    不管返回1条数据，还是多条数据，都应该用java.util.Map进行接受
//    如果是1条数据，那么返回值是Map
//    如果返回是多条数据，那么返回值是List<Map>
    List<Map> list4();
    Map list5(Map map);
 
    //利用第三方插件进行分页
    List<Map> listPager(Map map);
 
    /**
     * 处理特殊字符
     * @param bookVo
     * @return
     */
    List<Book> list6(BookVo bookVo);
 
 
    /**
     * 处理特殊字符
     * @param bookVo
     * @return
     */
    List<Book> list7(BookVo bookVo);
 
}

BookController :

package com.ps.ssm.controller;
 
import com.ps.ssm.biz.BookBiz;
import com.ps.ssm.model.Book;
import com.ps.ssm.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
/**
 * @RequestMapping 加在 类上面，称窄化路径，其实相当于包的概念
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private BookBiz bookBiz;
 
//    http://localhost:8080/book/list
    @RequestMapping
//    @GetMapping=@RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)
//    @PostMapping
//    @DeleteMapping
//    @PutMapping
    public String hello(HttpServletRequest req){
        System.out.println("hello springmvc...");
        PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
        pageBean.setRequest(req);
        Map map=new HashMap();
        String bname = req.getParameter("bname");
        map.put("bname",bname);
        List<Map> maps = this.bookBiz.listPager(map, pageBean);
        req.setAttribute("lst",maps);
        return "hello";
    }
 
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(Book book){
        this.bookBiz.insertSelective(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
 
    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(Book book){
        this.bookBiz.insertSelective(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
 
    @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
    public String del(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid){
        this.bookBiz.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
}

index.jsp:


<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/list?bname=圣墟">查询所有</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/add?bid=2&bname=sb&price=9.9">增加</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/edit?bid=2&bname=suibian&price=9.8">修改</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/2">删除</a>
</body>
</html>

新增结果：