流程分析
实现代码
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Result queryShopById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return shopService.queryById(id);
}
service
@Resource
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Override
public Result queryById(Long id) {
//从redis中查询商铺缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + id;
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)) {
//存在,直接返回
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, Shop.class);
return Result.ok(shop);
}
//不存在,根据id查询数据库
Shop shopById = this.getById(id);
if (shopById == null) {
//不存在,返回错误
return Result.fail("店铺不存在");
}
//存在,写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,JSONUtil.toJsonStr(shopById));
return Result.ok(shopById);
}
缓存更新的策略
主动更新策略需要考虑的问题
对比之下先操作数据库再删缓存更好
缓存更新策略总结:
修改之前的代码,在原本的redis中添加超时时间
@Resource
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Override
public Result queryById(Long id) {
//从redis中查询商铺缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + id;
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)) {
//存在,直接返回
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, Shop.class);
return Result.ok(shop);
}
//不存在,根据id查询数据库
Shop shopById = this.getById(id);
if (shopById == null) {
//不存在,返回错误
return Result.fail("店铺不存在");
}
//存在,写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,JSONUtil.toJsonStr(shopById),CACHE_SHOP_TTL, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
return Result.ok(shopById);
}
修改商铺信息
@Override
@Transactional
public Result updateredis(Shop shop) {
//修改数据库
this.updateById(shop);
//删除redis缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + shop.getId();
if (key == null) {
//id不存在,直接返回错误
return Result.fail("商铺id不能为空");
}
stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
return Result.ok();
}
缓存穿透
缓存穿透的原因:
两种解决办法:
缓存空对象的思路:
实现代码
@Override
public Result queryById(Long id) {
//从redis中查询商铺缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + id;
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)) {
//存在,直接返回
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, Shop.class);
return Result.ok(shop);
}
//判断是否为空字符串
if (shopJson != null){
/**
* 因为StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)在shopjson未null,“”时都为false,所以当shopJson!=null就等于“”
*/
//缓存为空
return Result.fail("店铺不存在!!!");
}
//不存在,根据id查询数据库
Shop shopById = this.getById(id);
if (shopById == null) {
//将空值缓存到redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,"",CACHE_NULL_TTL,TimeUnit.MINUTES);
//不存在,返回错误
return Result.fail("店铺不存在");
}
//存在,写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,JSONUtil.toJsonStr(shopById),CACHE_SHOP_TTL, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
return Result.ok(shopById);
}
缓存穿透的解决方案(总结):
缓存雪崩
缓存击穿
解决方案的分析
两种方案的优缺点
互斥锁案例
思路
实现原理:setnx
实现代码
@Override
public Result queryById(Long id) {
//互斥锁解决缓存击穿
Shop shop = queryWithMutext(id);
if (shop == null) {
return Result.fail("店铺不存在");
}
return Result.ok(shop);
}
//获取锁
private boolean tryLock(String key){
Boolean flag = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "1", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return BooleanUtil.isTrue(flag);
}
//释放锁
private void unlock(String key){
stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
}
//商铺缓存击穿
private Shop queryWithMutext(Long id){
//从redis中查询商铺缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + id;
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)) {
//存在,直接返回
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, Shop.class);
return shop;
}
//判断是否为空字符串
if (shopJson != null){
/**
* 因为StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)在shopjson未null,“”时都为false,所以当shopJson!=null就等于“”
*/
//缓存为空
return null;
}
// todo 实现缓存重建
String lockKey= null;
Shop shopById = null;
try {
// todo 1.获取互斥锁
lockKey = LOCK_SHOP_KEY+id;
boolean isLock = tryLock(lockKey);
// todo 2.判断获取是否成功
if (!isLock) {
// todo 3.失败,进行休眠
Thread.sleep(50);
return queryWithMutext(id);
}
//获取锁成功再次判断redis中受否存在
String shopJsontwo = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJsontwo)) {
//存在,直接返回
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJsontwo, Shop.class);
return shop;
}
// 成功且redis中依旧没有时间,根据id查询数据库
shopById = this.getById(id);
if (shopById == null) {
//将空值缓存到redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,"",CACHE_NULL_TTL,TimeUnit.MINUTES);
//不存在,返回错误
return null;
}
//存在,写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key,JSONUtil.toJsonStr(shopById),CACHE_SHOP_TTL, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
// todo 释放互斥锁
unlock(lockKey);
}
return shopById;
}
逻辑过期案例
需要初始化redis中的数据
初始化的方法:
//初始化redis中的热点数据
public void saveshop2Redis(Long id,Long exprireSeconds){
//查询店铺数据
Shop shop = getById(id);
//封装过期时间
RedisData redisData = new RedisData();
redisData.setData(shop);
redisData.setExpireTime(LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(exprireSeconds));
//写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(CACHE_SHOP_KEY+id,JSONUtil.toJsonStr(redisData));
}
/**
*逻辑过期
*/
//创建线程池
private static final ExecutorService CACHE_REBUILD_EXECUTOR= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//逻辑过期
private Shop queryWithLogicalExpire(Long id){
//从redis中查询商铺缓存
String key = CACHE_SHOP_KEY + id;
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isBlank(shopJson)) {
return null;
}
//命中,将json反序列化成对象
RedisData redisData = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, RedisData.class);
JSONObject data = (JSONObject) redisData.getData();
Shop shop = JSONUtil.toBean(data, Shop.class);
LocalDateTime expireTime = redisData.getExpireTime();
//判断缓存是否过期
if (expireTime.isAfter(LocalDateTime.now())){
//未过期,直接返回数据
return shop;
}
//过期,需要重建缓存
//获得互斥锁
String lockKey=LOCK_SHOP_KEY+id;
boolean b = tryLock(lockKey);
if (b){
//判断redis中是否存在数据,数据中的时间是否过期
String shopJson2 = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
//判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isBlank(shopJson2)) {
return null;
}
//命中,将json反序列化成对象
RedisData redisData2 = JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson2, RedisData.class);
JSONObject data2 = (JSONObject) redisData2.getData();
Shop shop2 = JSONUtil.toBean(data2, Shop.class);
LocalDateTime expireTime2 = redisData2.getExpireTime();
//判断缓存是否过期
if (expireTime2.isAfter(LocalDateTime.now())){
//未过期,直接返回数据
return shop2;
}
// 获取互斥锁成功
//开启新的线程,实现重建缓存
CACHE_REBUILD_EXECUTOR.submit(()->{
try {
//重建缓存,缓存时间应为20分钟,这里为20s
this.saveshop2Redis(id,20l);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
//释放锁
unlock(lockKey);
}
});
}
//获取互斥锁失败,直接返回店铺信息
//开启独立线程
return shop;
}
创建通用工具类
package com.hmdp.utils;
import cn.hutool.core.util.BooleanUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.hmdp.entity.RedisData;
import com.hmdp.entity.Shop;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Function;
import static com.hmdp.utils.RedisConstants.*;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class CacheClient {
private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
private static final ExecutorService CACHE_REBUILD_EXECUTOR = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
public CacheClient(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
}
public void set(String key, Object value, Long time, TimeUnit unit) {
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(value), time, unit);
}
public void setWithLogicalExpire(String key, Object value, Long time, TimeUnit unit) {
// 设置逻辑过期
RedisData redisData = new RedisData();
redisData.setData(value);
redisData.setExpireTime(LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(unit.toSeconds(time)));
// 写入Redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(redisData));
}
public <R,ID> R queryWithPassThrough(
String keyPrefix, ID id, Class<R> type, Function<ID, R> dbFallback, Long time, TimeUnit unit){
String key = keyPrefix + id;
// 1.从redis查询商铺缓存
String json = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
// 2.判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(json)) {
// 3.存在,直接返回
return JSONUtil.toBean(json, type);
}
// 判断命中的是否是空值
if (json != null) {
// 返回一个错误信息
return null;
}
// 4.不存在,根据id查询数据库
R r = dbFallback.apply(id);
// 5.不存在,返回错误
if (r == null) {
// 将空值写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, "", CACHE_NULL_TTL, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
// 返回错误信息
return null;
}
// 6.存在,写入redis
this.set(key, r, time, unit);
return r;
}
public <R, ID> R queryWithLogicalExpire(
String keyPrefix, ID id, Class<R> type, Function<ID, R> dbFallback, Long time, TimeUnit unit) {
String key = keyPrefix + id;
// 1.从redis查询商铺缓存
String json = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
// 2.判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isBlank(json)) {
// 3.存在,直接返回
return null;
}
// 4.命中,需要先把json反序列化为对象
RedisData redisData = JSONUtil.toBean(json, RedisData.class);
R r = JSONUtil.toBean((JSONObject) redisData.getData(), type);
LocalDateTime expireTime = redisData.getExpireTime();
// 5.判断是否过期
if(expireTime.isAfter(LocalDateTime.now())) {
// 5.1.未过期,直接返回店铺信息
return r;
}
// 5.2.已过期,需要缓存重建
// 6.缓存重建
// 6.1.获取互斥锁
String lockKey = LOCK_SHOP_KEY + id;
boolean isLock = tryLock(lockKey);
// 6.2.判断是否获取锁成功
if (isLock){
// 6.3.成功,开启独立线程,实现缓存重建
CACHE_REBUILD_EXECUTOR.submit(() -> {
try {
// 查询数据库
R newR = dbFallback.apply(id);
// 重建缓存
this.setWithLogicalExpire(key, newR, time, unit);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
// 释放锁
unlock(lockKey);
}
});
}
// 6.4.返回过期的商铺信息
return r;
}
public <R, ID> R queryWithMutex(
String keyPrefix, ID id, Class<R> type, Function<ID, R> dbFallback, Long time, TimeUnit unit) {
String key = keyPrefix + id;
// 1.从redis查询商铺缓存
String shopJson = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
// 2.判断是否存在
if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(shopJson)) {
// 3.存在,直接返回
return JSONUtil.toBean(shopJson, type);
}
// 判断命中的是否是空值
if (shopJson != null) {
// 返回一个错误信息
return null;
}
// 4.实现缓存重建
// 4.1.获取互斥锁
String lockKey = LOCK_SHOP_KEY + id;
R r = null;
try {
boolean isLock = tryLock(lockKey);
// 4.2.判断是否获取成功
if (!isLock) {
// 4.3.获取锁失败,休眠并重试
Thread.sleep(50);
return queryWithMutex(keyPrefix, id, type, dbFallback, time, unit);
}
// 4.4.获取锁成功,根据id查询数据库
r = dbFallback.apply(id);
// 5.不存在,返回错误
if (r == null) {
// 将空值写入redis
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, "", CACHE_NULL_TTL, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
// 返回错误信息
return null;
}
// 6.存在,写入redis
this.set(key, r, time, unit);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
// 7.释放锁
unlock(lockKey);
}
// 8.返回
return r;
}
private boolean tryLock(String key) {
Boolean flag = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "1", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return BooleanUtil.isTrue(flag);
}
private void unlock(String key) {
stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
}
}