算法笔记(链表)

leetcode24 两两交换链表

public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode();
    ListNode cur = dummy;
    cur.next = head;
        /*
            dummy -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4
              |      |          |
            cur     temp      temp1
            要操作的数是cur之后的两个数,如果next为空则是偶数个,next的next为空是奇数个
         */
    while (cur.next != null || cur.next.next != null) {
        ListNode temp = cur.next;
        ListNode temp1 = cur.next.next.next;
        cur.next = cur.next.next;
        cur.next.next = temp;
        temp.next = temp1;
        cur = cur.next.next;
    }
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode206 翻转链表

递归解法

public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
    //递归解法
    ListNode pre = null;
    ListNode cur = head;
    return reverse(pre, cur);
}

private ListNode reverse(ListNode pre, ListNode cur) {
    if (cur == null) {
        return pre;
    }
    ListNode temp = cur.next;
    cur.next = pre;
    return reverse(cur, temp);
}

非递归解法

public ListNode ReverseList(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
    ListNode pre = null;
    ListNode cur = head;
    while (cur != null) {
        ListNode next = cur.next;
        cur.next = pre;
        pre = cur;
        cur = next;
    }
    return pre;
}

leetcode92 翻转链表二

public ListNode reverseBetween(ListNode head, int left, int right) {
    if (head == null || left >= right) {
        return head;
    }
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode();
    dummy.next = head;
    ListNode p0 = dummy;
    //寻找规定的首结点
    for (int i = 0; i < left - 1; i++) {
        p0 = p0.next;
    }
    ListNode cur = p0.next;
    ListNode pre = null;
    for (int i = 0; i < right - left + 1; i++) {
        ListNode temp = cur.next;
        cur.next = pre;
        pre = cur;
        cur = temp;
    }
    p0.next.next = cur;
    p0.next = pre;
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode83 删除排序链表中的重复元素

public ListNode deleteDuplicates(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null) {
        return head;
    }
    ListNode cur = head;
    while (cur.next != null) {
        if (cur.val == cur.next.val) {
            //删除下一个结点
            cur.next = cur.next.next;
        } else {
            //否则cur向后移动
            cur = cur.next;
        }
    }
    return head;
}

leetcode203 移除链表元素

删除元素要从他的前一个元素操作

public ListNode removeElements(ListNode head, int val) {
    if (head == null) {
        return head;
    }
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
    ListNode cur = dummy;
    while (cur.next != null) {
        if (cur.next.val == val) {
            cur.next = cur.next.next;
        } else {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
    }
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode82 删除排序中的重复元素二

 public ListNode deleteDuplicates(ListNode head) {
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
    ListNode cur = dummy;
    while (cur.next != null && cur.next.next != null) {
        int val = cur.next.val;
        if (cur.next.next.val == val) {
            while (cur.next != null && cur.next.val == val) {
                cur.next = cur.next.next;
            }
        } else {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
    }
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode19 删除倒数第n个结点

//方法一:双指针
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
    //双指针,先初始化
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
    ListNode right = dummy;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        right = right.next;
    }
    ListNode left = dummy;
    while (right.next != null) {
        left = left.next;
        right = right.next;
    }
    left.next = left.next.next;
    return dummy.next;
}
//方法二:倒序遍历,正序删除
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
    int len = 0;
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
    ListNode index = dummy;
    while (index.next != null) {
        len++;
        index = index.next;
    }
    ListNode cur = dummy;
    int t = len - n;
    while (t-- > 0) {
        cur = cur.next;
    }
    cur.next = cur.next.next;
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode160链表相交

给你两个单链表的头节点 headA 和 headB ,
请你找出并返回两个单链表相交的起始节点。如果两个链表没有交点,返回 null

public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
    ListNode curA = headA;
    ListNode curB = headB;
    int lenA = 0, lenB = 0;
    while (curA != null) { // 求链表A的长度
        lenA++;
        curA = curA.next;
    }
    while (curB != null) { // 求链表B的长度
        lenB++;
        curB = curB.next;
    }
    curA = headA;
    curB = headB;
    // 让curA为最长链表的头,lenA为其长度
    if (lenB > lenA) {
        //1. swap (lenA, lenB);
        int tmpLen = lenA;
        lenA = lenB;
        lenB = tmpLen;
        //2. swap (curA, curB);
        ListNode tmpNode = curA;
        curA = curB;
        curB = tmpNode;
    }
    // 求长度差
    int gap = lenA - lenB;
    // 让curA和curB在同一起点上(末尾位置对齐)
    while (gap-- > 0) {
        curA = curA.next;
    }
    // 遍历curA 和 curB,遇到相同则直接返回
    while (curA != null) {
        if (curA == curB) {
            return curA;
        }
        curA = curA.next;
        curB = curB.next;
    }
    return null;
}

leetcode141 环形链表

public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null) {
        return false;
    }
    ListNode index1 = head;
    ListNode index2 = head;
    while (index2 != null && index2.next != null) {
        index1 = index1.next;
        index2 = index2.next.next;
        if (index1 == index2) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

leetcode142 环形链表二

思路分析:
x = 起点到入口
y = 入口到相遇点
z = 圈内剩余距离

slow = x+y
fast = x+y+n(y+z)

2(x+y) = x+y+n(y+z)

x = n(y+z)-y

x = (n-1)(y+z)+z

如果n=1则x=z

public class Solution {
    public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
        ListNode index1 = head, index2 = head;

        while (index2 != null && index2.next != null) {
            index1 = index1.next;
            index2 = index2.next.next;
            if (index2 == index1) {
                //判断入口
                ListNode slow = head;
                ListNode fast = index1;
                while (slow != fast) {
                    slow = slow.next;
                    fast = fast.next;
                }
                return fast;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

leetcode234 回文链表

public boolean isPalindrome(ListNode head) {
    //用栈来模拟翻转链表
    Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack();
    //记录长度
    int len = 0;
    ListNode cur = head;
    while (cur != null) {
        stack.push(cur.val);
        cur = cur.next;
        len++;
    }
    //进行出栈操作
    len = len / 2;
    while (len-- > 0) {
        if (head.val != stack.pop()) {
            return false;
        }
        head = head.next;
    }
    return true;
}

也可以通过双指针进行判断

通过快慢指针找到中间节点,翻转后半部分链表,再依次进行比较

leetcode328 奇偶链表

public ListNode oddEvenList(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null || head.next == null) {
        return head;
    }
    ListNode odd = head;
    ListNode even = head.next;
    //这个结点的作用是为了最后将偶数结点挂接到奇数结点之后
    ListNode evenHead = even;
    while (odd.next != null && even.next != null) {
        //维护奇数结点串联
        odd.next = even.next;
        odd = odd.next;
        //维护偶数结点串联
        even.next = odd.next;
        even = even.next;
    }
    odd.next = evenHead;
    return head;
}

leetcode86 分隔链表

思路:重新定义两个链表进行拼接

public ListNode partition(ListNode head, int x) {
    if (head == null || head.next == null) {
        return head;
    }
    ListNode smallHead = new ListNode(0);
    ListNode bigHead = new ListNode(0);
    ListNode small = smallHead;
    ListNode big = bigHead;
    ListNode cur = head;
    while (cur != null) {
        if (cur.val < x) {
            smallHead.next = cur;
            smallHead = smallHead.next;
        } else {
            bigHead.next = cur;
            bigHead = bigHead.next;
        }
        cur = cur.next;
    }
    bigHead.next = null;
    smallHead.next = big.next;
    return small.next;
}

leetcode148 排序链表

public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null) {
        return null;
    }
    ListNode res = head;
    ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
    while (res != null) {
        list.add(res.val);
        res = res.next;
    }
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
    Collections.sort(list);
    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
        head.val = list.get(i);
        head = head.next;
    }
    return dummy.next;
}

leetcode146 LRU缓存

package com.sfy.LinkedListPractice;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class LRUCache {
    //函数 get 和 put 必须以 O(1) 的平均时间复杂度运行所以必须用双向链表
    private class Node {
        int key, val;
        Node pre, next;

        Node(int key, int val) {
            this.key = key;
            this.val = val;
        }
    }

    //初始化容量
    private final int capacity;
    Node dummy = new Node(0, 0);
    Map<Integer, Node> keyNode = new HashMap<>();

    public LRUCache(int capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        dummy.pre = dummy;
        dummy.next = dummy;
    }

    public int get(int key) {
        Node node = getNode(key);
        return node == null ? -1 : node.val;
    }

    public void put(int key, int value) {
        //有就更新,没有就插入
        Node node = getNode(key);
        if (node != null) {
            node.val = value;
            return;
        }
        node = new Node(key, value);//新增
        keyNode.put(key, node);
        pushFront(node);//放在最前面
        if (keyNode.size() > capacity) {
            //容量过大就删除
            Node pre = dummy.pre;
            keyNode.remove(pre.key);
            remove(pre);
        }

    }

    private Node getNode(int key) {
        if (!keyNode.containsKey(key)) {
            return null;
        }
        Node node = keyNode.get(key);
        remove(node);//先删除
        pushFront(node);//再更新
        return node;
    }

    private void pushFront(Node node) {
        node.pre = dummy;
        node.next = dummy.next;
        node.pre.next = node;
        node.next.pre = node;
    }

    private void remove(Node node) {
        node.pre.next = node.next;
        node.next.pre = node.pre;
    }
}

leetcode61 旋转链表

思路一:先变成环再找新的头结点

思路二:1.全翻转 2.翻转前len-k 3.翻转后k个

public ListNode rotateRight(ListNode head, int k) {
    if (head == null || k == 0) {
        return head;
    }
    int len = 1;
    ListNode cur = head;
    while (cur.next != null) {
        len++;
        cur = cur.next;
    }
    // k = 5 - 2 - 1 = 2
    k = len - (k % len) - 1;
    cur.next = head;//变成环形链表
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        head = head.next;
    }
    //他的下一个位置就是新的头结点
    ListNode newHead = head.next;
    //将尾节点置空
    head.next = null;
    return newHead;
}

leetcode21 合并两个有序链表

public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode list1, ListNode list2) {
        if (list1 == null) {
            return list2;
        }
        if (list2 == null) {
            return list1;
        }
        ListNode newHead = new ListNode();
        ListNode cur = newHead;
        while (list1 != null && list2 != null) {
            if (list1.val <= list2.val) {
                cur.next = list1;
                list1 = list1.next;
            } else {
                cur.next = list2;
                list2 = list2.next;
            }
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        if (list1 != null) {
            cur.next = list1;
        }
        if (list2 != null) {
            cur.next = list2;
        }
        return newHead.next;
    }

leetcode25 k个一组翻转链表

class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) {
       ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0,head);
       ListNode pre = dummy;
       ListNode end = dummy;
       while(end.next!=null){
        for(int i = 0;i<k&& end !=null;i++){//找到要反转的尾部
            end = end.next;
        }
        if(end == null){
            break;
        }
        ListNode start = pre.next;//找到要翻转的头部节点
        ListNode nextStart = end.next;//找到下一个要反转的头结点,用于连接
        end.next = null;
        pre.next = reverse(start);
        start.next=nextStart;
        pre = start;
        end = pre;
       }
       return dummy.next;
    }

    private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) {
        ListNode pre = null;
        ListNode curr = head;
        while (curr != null) {
            ListNode next = curr.next;
            curr.next = pre;
            pre = curr;
            curr = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }
}

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