Spring的后处理器-BeanFactoryPostprocessor

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已于 2023-09-23 16:19:40 修改

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分类专栏： Spring 5 文章标签： spring java 后端

于 2023-09-20 17:58:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64939936/article/details/133089906

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Spring后处理器

Bean工厂后处理器-BeanFactoryPostProcessor

Spring后处理器

Spring后处理器是Spring对外开放的重要拓展点（让我们可以用添加自己的逻辑），允许我们介入到Bean的整个实例化流程中来，以达到动态注册BeanDefinition（向BeanDefitionMap中添加BeanDefition对象的过程），动态修改BeanDefition，以及动态修改Bean的作用。Spring主要有两种后处理器
- BeanFactoryPostprocessor：Bean工厂后处理器，（执行时机）在BeanDefinitionMap填充完毕，Bean实例化之前执行
- BeanPostProcessor：Bean后处理器，（执行时机）一般在Bean实例化后，填充到单例池singletonObjects之前执行

Bean工厂后处理器-BeanFactoryPostProcessor

BeanFactoryPostProcessor是一个接口规范，实现该接口的类只要交由Spring容器管理（即在配置文件中注册该类称为Bean对象）的话，那么Spring就会回调该接口的方法，用于对BeanDefition注册和修改功能

BeanFactoryPostProcessor定义如下

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}

修改beanDefinition对象

创建一个实现类（修改beanDefinition对象）

package com.example.PostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;

public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("beanDefinitionMap填充完毕后会回调该方法");
        // todo 修改Map集合中的BeanDefinition对象
        BeanDefinition userService = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("userService");
        userService.setBeanClassName("com.example.DAO.Impl.UserDAOImpl");

    }
}

测试类

package com.example.Test;


import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestApplicationContext {
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean("userService"));
    }
}

运行结果如下
- 显然bean对应的类被改变了

添加beanDefiniton对象

方法一

创建一个类（添加beanDefiniton对象）

package com.example.PostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;

public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        // todo 向Map集合中添加一个BeanDefinition对象，即在配置文件中没有注册
        // 创建一个新的beanDefinition对象
        BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
        // 设置bean对应的类
        beanDefinition.setBeanClassName("com.example.DAO.Impl.UserDAOImpl");
        DefaultListableBeanFactory listableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
        // 添加该beanDefinition对象
        listableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("UserDAO", beanDefinition);
    }
}

在配置文件中没有配置UserDAO了

测试类

package com.example.Test;


import com.example.DAO.Impl.UserDAOImpl;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestApplicationContext {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        
        System.out.println(context.getBean(UserDAOImpl.class));
    }
}

运行结果

beanDefinition对象成功添加

方法二

Spring提供了一个BeanFactoryPostProcessor的子接口BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor专门用于注册BeanDefinition操作

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;

public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException;
}

创建一个类实现后处理器BeanFactoryPostProcessor的子接口BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor（记得将该类注册到Spring容器中）

package com.example.PostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;

public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor02 implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
        // 注册beanDefinition
        BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
        beanDefinition.setBeanClassName("com.example.DAO.Impl.UserDAOImpl");
        registry.registerBeanDefinition("UserDAO", beanDefinition);
    }
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

    }
}

实现添加beanDefiniton就会简单很多

测试类

package com.example.Test;


import com.example.DAO.Impl.UserDAOImpl;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestApplicationContext {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean(UserDAOImpl.class));
    }
}

运行结果如下

完整流程图

自定义@Component

案例
- 使用Spring的BeanFactoryPostProcessor扩展点完成自定义注解扫描
要求
- 自定义@MyComponent注解，使用在类上
- 使用资料中提供好的包扫描工具BaseClassScanUtils完成指定包的类扫描
  - 工具类链接如下
  - https://hkm-web.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Utils
- 自定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor完成注解@MyComponent的解析，解析最终被Spring管理

具体代码如下

注解类

package com.example.Anno;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE) // 设该注解的使用范围
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 设置该注解运行期间可见
public @interface MyComponent {
    String value(); //用于设置注解的值
}

工具类

package com.example.Utils;

import com.example.Anno.MyComponent;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class BaseClassScanUtils {

    //设置资源规则
    private static final String RESOURCE_PATTERN = "/**/*.class";

    public static Map<String, Class> scanMyComponentAnnotation(String basePackage) {

        //创建容器存储使用了指定注解的Bean字节码对象
        Map<String, Class> annotationClassMap = new HashMap<String, Class>();

        //spring工具类，可以获取指定路径下的全部类
        ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        try {
            String pattern = ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX +
                    ClassUtils.convertClassNameToResourcePath(basePackage) + RESOURCE_PATTERN;
            Resource[] resources = resourcePatternResolver.getResources(pattern);
            //MetadataReader 的工厂类
            MetadataReaderFactory refractory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory(resourcePatternResolver);
            for (Resource resource : resources) {
                //用于读取类信息
                MetadataReader reader = refractory.getMetadataReader(resource);
                //扫描到的class
                String classname = reader.getClassMetadata().getClassName();
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(classname);
                //判断是否属于指定的注解类型
                if(clazz.isAnnotationPresent(MyComponent.class)){
                    //获得注解对象
                    MyComponent annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(MyComponent.class);
                    //获得属value属性值
                    String beanName = annotation.value();
                    //判断是否为""
                    if(beanName!=null&&!beanName.equals("")){
                        //存储到Map中去
                        annotationClassMap.put(beanName,clazz);
                        continue;
                    }

                    //如果没有为"",那就把当前类的类名作为beanName
                    annotationClassMap.put(clazz.getSimpleName(),clazz);

                }
            }
        } catch (Exception exception) {
        }

        return annotationClassMap;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, Class> stringClassMap = scanMyComponentAnnotation("com.itheima");
        System.out.println(stringClassMap);
    }
}

使用注解来注册为Bean对象的类

package com.example.Beans;

import com.example.Anno.MyComponent;

@MyComponent("otherBean")
public class otherBeans {
}

在配置文件中没有配置该类作为bean对象

后工厂处理器类（该类要交给Spring容器管理）

package com.example.PostProcessor;


import com.example.Utils.BaseClassScanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;

import java.util.Map;

public class MyComponentBeanFactoryProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
        // 通过工具去扫描指定包及其子包下的所有类，收集使用@MyComponent注解的类，放在Map集合中
        Map<String, Class> MyComponentAnnotationMap = BaseClassScanUtils.scanMyComponentAnnotation("com.example");
        // 遍历Map，组装BeanDefinition进行注册
        MyComponentAnnotationMap.forEach((beanName,clazz)->{
            // 获取beanClassName
            String beanClassName = clazz.getName();
            // 创建beanDefinition
            BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
            beanDefinition.setBeanClassName(beanClassName);
            // 注册
            registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName,beanDefinition);
        });

    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

    }
}

通过后工厂处理器类来将标记了自己创建的@MyComponent注解的类创建为beanDefinition对象后添加到beanDefinitionMap集合中。

测试类

package com.example.Test;


import com.example.Beans.otherBeans;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestApplicationContext {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean(otherBeans.class));
    }
}