1、拦截器
1.1、拦截器的配置
SpringMVC中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行
SpringMVC中的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor
SpringMVC的拦截器必须在SpringMVC的配置文件中进行配置:
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- bean 和 ref 标签所配置的拦截器默认对 DispatcherServlet 处理的所有的请求进行拦截 -->
<!--<bean class="com.chenyixin.ssm.interceptor.FirstInterceptor"/>-->
<!--<ref bean="firstInterceptor"/>-->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- 配置需要拦截的请求的请求路径,/** 表示所有请求 /* 仅表示 工程路径下一层的任意路径请求,非所有请求-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!-- 配置需要排除拦截器的请求的请求路径 -->
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/abc"/>
<!-- 配置拦截器 -->
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
代码示例:
index.html 代码:
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<a th:href="@{/test/hello}">测试拦截器</a>
</body>
success.html 代码:
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
</body>
控制层代码:
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test/hello")
public String testHello() {
return "success";
}
}
拦截器代码:实现接口并实现方法
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> preHandle");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> afterCompletion");
}
}
结果:点击首页中的超链接
1.2、拦截器的三个抽象方法
SpringMVC中的拦截器有三个抽象方法:
preHandle:控制器方法执行之前执行preHandle(),其boolean类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回false表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法postHandle:控制器方法执行之后执行postHandle()afterCompletion:处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterCompletion()
1.3、多个拦截器的执行顺序
① 若每个拦截器的preHandle()都返回true
此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在SpringMVC
的配置文件的配置顺序有关:
preHandle()会按照配置的顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterCompletion()会按照配置的反序执行
代码示例:
FirstInterceptor.java:
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> preHandle");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor --> afterCompletion");
}
}
SecondInterceptor.java
@Component
public class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor --> preHandle");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor --> postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor --> afterCompletion");
}
}
springmvc.xml:
<mvc:interceptors>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"/>
<ref bean="secondInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptors>
结果:点击首页中的超链接:
② 若某个拦截器的preHandle()返回了false
preHandle()返回false和它之前的拦截器的preHandle()都会执行,postHandle()都不执行,返回false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterCompletion()会执行
示例:
修改代码:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6d9dde89f3b43b03ac262846a40b2a0a.png)
结果:点击首页中的超链接:
2、异常处理器
2.1、基于配置的异常处理
SpringMVC提供了一个处理控制器方法执行过程中所出现的异常的接口:
HandlerExceptionResolver
HandlerExceptionResolver接口的实现类有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver和 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC提供了自定义的异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver,使用方式:
<!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props >
<!--
prop 的键表示处理器方法执行过程中出现的异常
prop 的值表示若出现指定异常时,设置一个新的视图名称,跳转到指定页面
-->
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- exceptionAttribute 属性设置一个属性名,将出现的异常信息在请求域中进行共享 -->
<property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"/>
</bean>
代码示例:
创建页面 error.html:
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>错误</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ERROR</h1>
<h2 th:text="${ex}"></h2>
</body>
修改控制器方法:
@RequestMapping("/test/hello")
public String testHello() {
System.out.println(1 / 0);
return "success";
}
结果:点击首页中的超链接:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cdd38d5936af88f56acf132f749248b9.png)
2.2、基于注解的异常处理
// @ControllerAdvice 将当前类标识为异常处理的组件
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
// @ExceptionHandler用于设置所标识方法处理的异常(数组)
@ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception exception,Model model) {
// 将异常信息保存到 Request 域中
model.addAttribute("ex", exception);
return "error";
}
}
结果同上