String的模拟实现

String是什么

        string 是C++中的字符串。 字符串对象是一种特殊类型的容器，专门设计来操作的字符序列。

String的成员变量

char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
static const size_t npos = -1;

构造函数

string(const char* str = "")
	:_size(strlen(str))
{
	_capacity = _size == 0 ? 3 : _size;
	_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
	strcpy(_str, str);
}

拷贝构造函数

string(const string& s)
	:_size(s._size)
	, _capacity(s._capacity)
{
	_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
	strcpy(_str, s._str);
}

析构函数

~string()
{
	delete[] _str;
	_capacity = 0;
	_size = 0;
}

取str,size,capacity

const char* c_str() 
{
	return _str;
}
size_t size() const
{
	return _size;
}
size_t capacity() const
{
	return _capacity;
}

一系列运算符的重载

char& operator[](size_t pos) 
{
	assert(pos < _size);
	return _str[pos];
}
const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
{
	assert(pos < _size);
	return _str[pos];
} 
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
	if (this != &s)
	{
		/*delete[] _str;
		_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
		strcpy(_str, s._str);
		_size = s._size;
		_capacity = s._capacity;*/

		char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
		strcpy(_str, s._str);
		delete[] _str;
		_str = tmp;
		_size = s._size;
		_capacity = s._capacity;
	}
	return *this;
}
bool operator>(const string& s) const
{
	return strcmp(_str, s._str) > 0;
}
		
bool operator==(const string& s) const
{
	return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
}
		
bool operator>=(const string& s) const
{
	return *this > s || *this == s;
}

bool operator<(const string& s) const
{
	return !(*this >= s);
}

bool operator<=(const string& s) const
{
	return !(*this > s);
}

bool operator!=(const string& s) const
{
	return !(*this == s);
}
string& operator+=(char ch)
{
	push_back(ch);
	return *this;
}
string& operator+=(const char* str)
{
	append(str);
	return *this;
}

 扩容

void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
{
	if (n < _size)
    {
		_size = n;
		_str[_size] = '/0';
	}
	else 
	{
		if (n>_capacity)
			reserve(n);
		size_t i = _size;
		while (i < n)
		{
			_str[i] = ch;
			++i;
		}
		_size = n;
		_str[_size] = '\0';
	}
}

 缩容

void reserve(size_t n)
{
	if (n > _capacity)  
	{
		char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
		strcpy(tmp, _str);
		delete[] _str;
		_str = tmp;
		_capacity = n;
	}
}

头插入

string& insert(size_t pos, char ch)
{
	assert(pos <= _size);
	if (_size + 1 > _capacity)
	{
		reserve(2 * _capacity);
	}
	size_t end = _size + 1;
	while (end > pos)
	{
		_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
		--end;
	}
	_str[pos] = ch;
	++_size;

	return *this;
}
string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
	assert(pos <= _size);
	size_t len = strlen(str);
	if (_size + len > _capacity)
	{
		reserve(2 * _capacity);
	}
	size_t end = _size + len;
	while (end > pos + len - 1)
	{
		_str[end] = _str[end-len];
		--end;
	}
	strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
	_size += len;
	return *this;
}

尾插入

void push_back(char ch)
{
	if (_size + 1 > _capacity)
	{
		reserve(_capacity * 2);
	}
	_str[_size] = ch;
	++_size;
	_str[_size] = '\0';
}
void append(const char* str)
{
	size_t len = strlen(str);
	if (_size + len > _capacity)
	{
		reserve(_size + len);
	}
	strcpy(_str + _size, str);
	_size += len;
}

删除pos位置的值

string& erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
{
	assert(pos < _size);
	if (len == npos || pos + len >= _size)
	{
		_str[pos] = '\0';
		_size = pos;
	}
	else
	{
		strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
		_size -= len;
	}
	return *this;
}

交换

void swap(string& s)
{
	std::swap(_str, s._str);
	std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
	std::swap(_str, s._str);
}

查找

size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0)
{
	assert(pos < _size);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < _size; i++)
	{
		if (_str[i] == ch)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return npos;
}
size_t find(const char *str, size_t pos = 0)
{
	assert(pos < _size);
	char* p = strstr(_str + pos, str);
	if (p == nullptr)
	{
		return npos;
	}
	else
	{
		return p - _str;
	}
	return npos;
}

迭代器

typedef char* iterator;
typedef const char* const_iterator;
iterator begin()
{
	return _str;
}
iterator end()
{    
	return _str + _size;
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
	return _str;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
	return _str + _size;
}

流插入

istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
    s.clear();
	char ch = in.get();
	char buff[128];
	size_t i = 0;
	while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
	{
		buff[i++] = ch;
		if (i == 127)
		{
			buff[127] = '\0';
			s += buff;
			i = 0;
		}
		ch = in.get();
	}
	if (i != 0)
	{
		buff[i] = '\0';
		s += buff;
	}
	return in;
}

流提取

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
{
	for (auto ch : s)
	{
		out << ch;
	}
	return out;
}

头文件

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>

using namespace std;

namespace pbl
{
	class string
	{
	public:

		/*string()
			:_size(0)
			, _capacity(0)
			, _str(new char[1])
		{
			_str[0] = '\0';
		}

		string(const char* str)
			:_size(strlen(str)) 
		{
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}*/

		//构造函数
		string(const char* str = "")
			:_size(strlen(str))
		{
			_capacity = _size == 0 ? 3 : _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}
		//拷贝函数
		string(const string& s)
			:_size(s._size)
			, _capacity(s._capacity)
		{
			_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}
		//析构函数
		~string()
		{
			delete[] _str;
			_capacity = 0;
			_size = 0;
		}
		//取_str
		const char* c_str() 
		{
			return _str;
		}
		//取_size
		size_t size() const
		{
			return _size;
		}
		//取capacity
		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _capacity;
		}
		//重载
		char& operator[](size_t pos) 
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}
		const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		} 
		
		/*string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			this->_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
			this->_size = s._size;
			this->_capacity = s._capacity;
			strcpy(this->_str, s._str);
			return *this;
		}*/
		string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				/*delete[] _str;
				_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(_str, s._str);
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;*/

				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(_str, s._str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}
			return *this;
		}
		
		bool operator>(const string& s) const
		{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) > 0;
		}
		
		bool operator==(const string& s) const
		{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
		}
		
		bool operator>=(const string& s) const
		{
			return *this > s || *this == s;
		}

		bool operator<(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this >= s);
		}

		bool operator<=(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this > s);
		}

		bool operator!=(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this == s);
		}
		string& operator+=(char ch)
		{
			push_back(ch);
			return *this;
		}
		string& operator+=(const char* str)
		{
			append(str);
			return *this;
		}
		//扩容
		void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
		{
			if (n < _size)
			{
				_size = n;
				_str[_size] = '/0';
			}
			else 
			{
				if (n>_capacity)
					reserve(n);
				size_t i = _size;
				while (i < n)
				{
					_str[i] = ch;
					++i;
				}
				_size = n;
				_str[_size] = '\0';
			}
		}
		//缩容
		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n > _capacity)  
			{
				char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_capacity = n;
			}
		}
		//头插
		string& insert(size_t pos, char ch)
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			if (_size + 1 > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(2 * _capacity);
			}
			size_t end = _size + 1;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
				--end;
			}
			_str[pos] = ch;
			++_size;

			return *this;
		}
		string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(2 * _capacity);
			}
			size_t end = _size + len;
			while (end > pos + len - 1)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end-len];
				--end;
			}
			strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
			_size += len;

			return *this;
		}
		//尾插
		void push_back(char ch)
		{
			if (_size + 1 > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_capacity * 2);
			}
			_str[_size] = ch;
			++_size;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}
		//删除pos位置的值
		string& erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			if (len == npos || pos + len >= _size)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
				_size -= len;
			}
			return *this;
		}
		void append(const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}
			strcpy(_str + _size, str);
			_size += len;
		}
		//交换
		void swap(string& s)
		{
			std::swap(_str, s._str);
			std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
			std::swap(_str, s._str);
		}
		size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			for (size_t i = 0; i < _size; i++)
			{
				if (_str[i] == ch)
				{
					return i;
				}
			}
			return npos;
		}
		size_t find(const char *str, size_t pos = 0)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			char* p = strstr(_str + pos, str);
			if (p == nullptr)
			{
				return npos;
			}
			else
			{
				return p - _str;
			}
			return npos;
		}
		//打印
		void Print()
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i < _size; i++)
			{
				cout << _str[i] << " ";
			}
			cout << endl;
		}
		//清除
		void clear()
		{
			_str[0] = '\0';
			_size = 0;
		}
		//迭代器 
		typedef char* iterator;
		typedef const char* const_iterator;
		iterator begin()
		{
			return _str;
		}
		iterator end()
		{    
			return _str + _size;
		}
		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return _str;
		}
		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return _str + _size;
		}


	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;

		static const size_t npos = -1;
	};
	//const size_t string::npos = -1;
	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
	{
		for (auto ch : s)
		{
			out << ch;
		}
		return out;
	}
	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
	{
		s.clear();
		char ch = in.get();
		char buff[128];
		size_t i = 0;
		while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
		{
			buff[i++] = ch;
			if (i == 127)
			{
				buff[127] = '\0';
				s += buff;
				i = 0;
			}
			ch = in.get();
		}
		if (i != 0)
		{
			buff[i] = '\0';
			s += buff;
		}
		return in;
	}
}