day3-TCP编程

1 socket函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int socket(int domin,int type,int protocol);

1.1参数

1.domain:

AF_INET IPv4 Internet protocols ip(7)

AF_INET6 IPv6 Internet protocols ipv6(7)

AF_UNIX, AF_LOCAL Local communication unix(7)

AF_NETLINK Kernel user interface device netlink(7)

AF_PACKET Low level packet interface packet(7)

2.type:

SOCK_STREAM: 流式套接字 唯一对应于TCP

SOCK_DGRAM： 数据报套接字，唯一对应着UDP

SOCK_RAW： 原始套接字

3.protocol: 一般填0，原始套接字编程时需填充

1.2 返回值：

RETURN VALUE

On success, a file descriptor for the new socket is returned. On

error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

成功时返回文件描述符，出错时返回为-1

2 bind()函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int bind(int sockfd,const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);

2.1参数

sockfd: 通过socket()函数拿到的fd

addr: struct sockaddr的结构体变量的地址

addrlen: 地址长度

RETURN VALUE

On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

如果是IPV6的编程，要使用struct sockddr_in6结构体（详细情况请参考man 7 ipv6）,通常更通用的方法可以通过struct sockaddr_storage来编程

示例代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>


#define SERV_PORT 5001
#define SERV_IP_ADDR 192,168,5,5

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd = -1;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    //1创建套接字
    if(fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCKET_STREAM,0)==-1){
        perroe("socket");
        return 0;
    }
    //2.绑定
    //2.1填充struct sockaddr_in 变量
    bzero(&sin,sizeof(sin));
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

#if 0
    sin.sin_addr = inet_addr(SERV_IP_ADDR);
#else
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP_ADDR,(void *)&sin_addr)!=1){
        perror("inet_pton");
        return 0;
    }
#endif
    //2.2绑定
    if(bind(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&sin,sizeod(sin))<0){
        perror("bind");
        return 0;
    }

    return 0;
}

3 listen()函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int listen(int sockfd,int BACKLOG);

参数：

sockfd: 通过socket()函数拿到的fd

backlog： 同时允许几路客户端和服务器进行正在连接的过程（正在三次握手）

一般填5， 测试得知,ARM最大为8

内核中服务器的套接字fd会维护2个链表： 1. 正在三次握手的的客户端链表(数量=2*backlog+1) 　　　２.已经建立好连接的客户端链表（已经完成３次握手分配好了newfd）

返回值：

RETURN VALUE

On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

4 accept()函数 阻塞等待客户端连接请求

#include <sys/types.h>
#incldue <sys/socket.h>
int accept(int sockfd,struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t *addrlen);

４.１参数：

　　 sockfd: 经过前面socket()创建并通过bind(),listen()设置过的fd

addr和addrlen: 获取连接过来的客户的信息

4.2 返回值：

RETURN VALUE

On success, these system calls return a nonnegative integer that is a descriptor for the accepted socket. On

error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

成功时返回已经建立好连接的新的newfd

代码示例

头文件 net.h

#ifndef _CHRIS_NET_H
#define _CHRIS_NET_H

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>

#define SERV_PORT 5001
#define SERV_IP_ADDR "192.168.28.184"
#define BACKLOG 5

#define QUIT_STR "quit"

#endif

服务端

#include "net.h"


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd = -1;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    //1创建套接字
    if((fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1){
        perror("socket");
        return 0;
    }
    //2.绑定
    //2.1填充struct sockaddr_in 变量
    bzero(&sin,sizeof(sin));
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);//网络字节序的端口号
    /*优化1:让服务端可以绑定任意ip地址*/
#if 1
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
#else
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP_ADDR,(void *)&sin.sin_addr)!=1){
        perror("inet_pton");
        return 0;
    }
#endif
    //2.2绑定
    if(bind(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&sin,sizeof(sin))<0){
        perror("bind");
        return 0;
    }
    
    //3主动套接字变为被动套接字
    if(listen(fd,5)<0){
        perror("listen");
        return 0;
    }

    //4阻塞等待客户端连接请求
    int newfd = -1;
    /*优化2:让服务端可以识别是哪个客户端*/
#if 1
    struct sockaddr_in cin;
    socklen_t addrlen  = sizeof(cin);
    newfd = accept(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&cin,&addrlen);

    char ipv4_addr[16];
    if(!inet_ntop(AF_INET,(void *)&cin.sin_addr,ipv4_addr,sizeof(cin))){
        perror("inet_ntop");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("Client(%s,%d) is connect\n",ipv4_addr,ntohs(cin.sin_port));

#else
    newfd = accept(fd,NULL,NULL);
    if(newfd<0){
        perror("accept");
        exit(1);
    }
#endif
    //5读取数据
    int ret = -1;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    while(1){
        do{
            ret = read(newfd,buf,BUFSIZ);
        }while(ret<0&&EINTR==errno);
        if(ret<0){
            perror("read");
            return 0;
        }
        if(!ret){
            break;
        }
        printf("recive data = %s\n",buf);

        if(!strncasecmp(buf,QUIT_STR,strlen(QUIT_STR))){
            printf("client is exit\n");
            break;
        }

    }
    close(newfd);
    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

客户端

#include "net.h"


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd = -1;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    //1创建套接字
    if((fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1){
        perror("socket");
        return 0;
    }
    //2.连接
    //2.1填充struct sockaddr_in 变量
    bzero(&sin,sizeof(sin));
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

#if 1
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERV_IP_ADDR);
#else
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET,SERV_IP_ADDR,(void *)&sin.sin_addr)!=1){
        perror("inet_pton");
        return 0;
    }
#endif
    //2.2连接
    printf("ip is %s\n",SERV_IP_ADDR);
    if(connect(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&sin,sizeof(sin))<0){
        perror("connect");
        return 0;
    }
    printf ("Client staring...OK!\n");
    //4读写数据
    int ret = -1;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    while(1){
        bzero(buf,BUFSIZ);
        if(fgets(buf,BUFSIZ-1,stdin)==NULL){
            continue;
        }
        do{
            write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
        }while(ret<0&&EINTR == errno);
        if(!strncasecmp(buf,QUIT_STR,strlen(QUIT_STR))){
            printf("client is exit\n");
            break;
        }

    }
    close(fd);

    return 0;
}