python——实例：中国大学排名定向爬虫

import requests
import bs4

# 获取网页内容
def get_html(url):
    response = requests.get(
        url=url,
        headers={
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/113.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
        }
    )
    response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
    html_text = response.text
    return html_text

# 提取有用数据到恰当的数据结构中
def parse_html(html_text, n):
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html_text, "html.parser")
    table = soup.select("table[class='rk-table']")[0]
    tbody = table.select("tbody")[0]
    rows = tbody.find_all("tr")
    data = []
    for row in rows:
        cols = row.find_all("td")
        rank = int(cols[0].get_text().strip())
        if rank <= n: # 仅处理前 n 名
            name = cols[1].select_one("div.univname div:nth-child(1) a").get_text().str