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Docker的数据库管理
数据卷
数据卷是一个供容器使用的特殊目录，位于容器中。可将宿主机的目录挂载到数据卷上，对数据卷的修改操作立刻可见，并且更新数据不会影响镜像，从而实现数据在宿主机与容器之间的迁移。数据卷的使用类似于Linux下对目录进行的mount操作。
docker cp 也是一种迁移
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker pull centos:7
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/www
ls: 无法访问/var/www: 没有那个文件或目录
#宿主机目录/var/www挂载到容器中的/datal。
#注意：宿主机本地目录的路径必须是使用绝对路径。如果路径不存在，Docker会自动创建相应的路径。
#-v选项可以在容器内创建数据卷
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker run -v /var/www:/data1 --name c7 -itd centos:7 /bin/bash
12d35de6f83674afe893d17894968dac10b43700044da66f10b45a49ae0cca74
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# ls /var/www -d
/var/www
#进容器
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c7 bash
[root@12d35de6f836 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin data1 dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#写入数据
[root@12d35de6f836 /]# echo "i am stevelu">/data1/abc.txt
[root@12d35de6f836 /]# exit
exit
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# cat /var/www/abc.txt
i am stevelu
数据卷容器
如果需要在容器之间共享一些数据，最简单的方法就是使用数据卷容器。数据卷容器是一个普通的容器，专门提供数据卷给其他容器挂载使用。
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker run -itd --name c8 -v /data1 -v /data2 -it centos:7 /bin/bash
5fce3f28819e4e29c3d4769b1ab2fc6ab2e570bf78563de6d76749ea1b71e426
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c8 bash
[root@5fce3f28819e /]# echo "i am stevelu" >/data1/abc.txt
[root@5fce3f28819e /]# echo "i am gyq" >/data2/ABC.txt
#使用--volumes-from 来挂载c8容器中的数据卷到c9容器
[root@5fce3f28819e /]# cat /data1/abc.txt
i am stevelu
[root@5fce3f28819e /]# cat /data2/ABC.txt
注意：使用–volumes-from参数所挂载数据卷的容器自身并不需要保持在运行状态。
如果删除了挂载的容器，数据卷并不会被自动删除。如果要删除一个数据卷，必须在删除最后一个还挂载着它的容器时显式使用docker rm-v命令来指定同时删除关联的容器。
挂载了数据卷的容器也可以作为数据卷容器
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
46188e2f028a centos:7 "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 minutes ago c9
5fce3f28819e centos:7 "/bin/bash" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes c8
12d35de6f836 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 28 minutes c7
08d9d0a77dab httpd "httpd-foreground" 30 minutes ago Exited (0) 30 minutes ago dreamy_chebyshev
0a14ae5189c1 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (255) 30 minutes ago test1
edb1704cf372 stevelugyq/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.¡" 17 hours ago Exited (255) 30 minutes ago 0.0.0.0:42399->80/tcp, :::42399->80/tcp web2
9c4612185d64 stevelugyq/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.¡" 17 hours ago Exited (255) 30 minutes ago 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp web1
2f80db9d227c httpd "httpd-foreground" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 17 hours ago wonderful_mccarthy
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker run -itd --name c10 --volumes-from c7 centos:7 bash
7dc4c280b0fc8298390692cdaf25701c628bde7e2869ad195d6b366eb9d62a78
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c10 bash
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin data1 dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# ls /data1/
abc.txt
容器互联 （使用centos镜像）
容器互联是通过容器的名称在容器间建立一条专门的网络通信隧道。简单点说，就是会在源容器和接收容器之间建立一条隧道，接收容器可以看到源容器指定的信息
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7dc4c280b0fc centos:7 "bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes c10
46188e2f028a centos:7 "/bin/bash" 21 minutes ago Exited (0) 20 minutes ago c9
5fce3f28819e centos:7 "/bin/bash" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes c8
12d35de6f836 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes c7
08d9d0a77dab httpd "httpd-foreground" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 minutes ago dreamy_chebyshev
0a14ae5189c1 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 17 hours ago Exited (255) 36 minutes ago test1
edb1704cf372 stevelugyq/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 hours ago Exited (255) 36 minutes ago 0.0.0.0:42399->80/tcp, :::42399->80/tcp web2
9c4612185d64 stevelugyq/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 18 hours ago Exited (255) 36 minutes ago 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp web1
2f80db9d227c httpd "httpd-foreground" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago wonderful_mccarthy
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c10 bash
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# ping c8
ping: c8: Name or service not known
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# exit
exit
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker run -itd -P --name c11 --link c10:c10 centos:7 /bin/bash
22500512a0baca4bf67fd79bca6a620df7ce427a84228315bd912f67f9f1eb94
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c11 bash
[root@22500512a0ba /]# pi
pinentry pinentry-curses ping ping6 pinky pivot_root
[root@22500512a0ba /]# ping c10
PING c10 (172.17.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from c10 (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.090 ms
64 bytes from c10 (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from c10 (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
^C
--- c10 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.061/0.070/0.090/0.016 ms
[root@22500512a0ba /]# docker exec -it c10 bash
bash: docker: command not found
[root@22500512a0ba /]# exit
exit
[root@zbx-agent01 ~]# docker exec -it c10 bash
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# yum install -y net-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 247 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 16 MB 00:00:01
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:15
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 base 306 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 306 k
Installed size: 917 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm | 306 kB 00:00:00
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7
Complete!
[root@7dc4c280b0fc /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.4 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5459 bytes 24592386 (23.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5331 bytes 291415 (284.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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