Java 分支结构

一、if循环

一、排序(插入法）

以三个数为例 a,b,c（从大到小排序）

1.先对两个数a,b进行比较

将较大的数存入a，较小的数存入b

if(a<b){
            int temp = a;
            a = b;
            b = temp;
        }

2.再插入c 

此时c有三个位置可以插入，即(1) a (2) b (3)。

if(c > a){
            System.out.println(c + "," + a +"," + b);
        }else if(c > b){
            System.out.println(a + "," + c +"," + b);
        }else{
            System.out.println(a + "," + b +"," + c);
        }

3.全过程

如下：

import java.util.Scanner;


/*插入法排序*/


public class ifDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入a");
        int a = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
        System.out.println("请输入b");
        int b = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
        System.out.println("请输入c");
        int c = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());


        if(a<b){
            int temp = a;
            a = b;
            b = temp;
        }


        if(c > a){
            System.out.println(c + "," + a +"," + b);
        }else if(c > b){
            System.out.println(a + "," + c +"," + b);
        }else{
            System.out.println(a + "," + b +"," + c);
        }
    }
}

二、猜数

1.random的使用

1.1  导包

import java.util.Random;

1.2  创建对象

 Random random = new Random();

1.3  获取随机数

1.直接输出随机数

System.out.println();

2.给范围产生随机值

第一种情况

int a = random.nextInt(min,max);

第二种情况

int a = random.nextInt(10);//默认下限为0，[0.10),包括0，不包括10

2.猜数步骤

1.1产生随机数

        System.out.println("请输入下限");
        int min = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
        System.out.println("请输入上限");
        int max = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());


        Random random = new Random();
        final int TARGET = random.nextInt(min,max);

final:1.是Java中的关键字。

        2.final表示最终的，不可变的。

        3.final可以修饰变量及方法，类。

1.2 猜数

要想在一次运行过程中猜数直至猜中，使用while循环。

while(true) {

            System.out.println("请输入你所猜的数");
            int guess = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());


            if(guess == TARGET ){
                System.out.println("恭喜猜中啦！！！");
                break;
            }else if(guess < TARGET ){
                min = guess;
                System.out.println("没猜中哦,"+"在"+"["+min+"~"+max+"]"+"之间");
            }else{
                max = guess;
                System.out.println("没猜中哦"+"在"+"["+min+"~"+max+"]"+"之间");
            }
        }

3.全过程

如下：

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class GuessNumber {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入下限");
        int min = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
        System.out.println("请输入上限");
        int max = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());


        Random random = new Random();
        final int TARGET = random.nextInt(min,max);


        while(true) {

            System.out.println("请输入你所猜的数");
            int guess = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());


            if(guess == TARGET ){
                System.out.println("恭喜猜中啦！！！");
                break;
            }else if(guess < TARGET ){
                min = guess;
                System.out.println("没猜中哦,"+"在"+"["+min+"~"+max+"]"+"之间");
            }else{
                max = guess;
                System.out.println("没猜中哦"+"在"+"["+min+"~"+max+"]"+"之间");
            }
        }
    }
}

二、switch

1.成绩等级划分

1.1输入成绩

对成绩数值进行合法判断

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入目标数");
        int num = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());

        if(num<0 ||num>100 ){
            System.out.println("非法数");}

1.2等级划分

else{
            int n = num/10;
            switch(n){
                case 10:
                System.out.println("top");
                break;
                case 9:
                case 8:
                    System.out.println("A");
                    break;
                case 7:
                    System.out.println("B");
                    break;
                case 6:
                    System.out.println("C");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("F");
                    break;
            }

1.3全部

如下：

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SwitchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("请输入目标数");
        int num = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());

        if (num < 0 || num > 100) {
            System.out.println("非法数");
        } else {
            int n = num / 10;
            switch (n) {
                case 10:
                    System.out.println("top");
                    break;
                case 9:
                case 8:
                    System.out.println("A");
                    break;
                case 7:
                    System.out.println("B");
                    break;
                case 6:
                    System.out.println("C");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("F");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

三、易错点

1.if循环 

括号中的判断符号 ==