二 Spring Cloud Alibaba 入门案例(模拟调用数据库)

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已于 2022-08-14 17:26:01 修改

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文章标签： spring cloud java 微服务

于 2022-08-14 00:49:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_67607176/article/details/126323993

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1. 入门案例

1.1.案例准备

1.1.1.创建springcloud_parent

说明： springcloud_parent作为案例的父工程

1.1.1.1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
    <properties>
        <!-- 项目源码及编译输出的编码 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <!-- 项目编译JDK版本 -->
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--Spring Boot-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Netflix-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud 阿里巴巴-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

1.1.2.创建springcloud_common

说明：将数据库中所对应的pojo实体类，项目中所用得上的utils工具类，常量，等等可以放在springcloud_common模块中

1.1.2.1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>

</project>

1.1.2.2.pojo

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

1.1.3.创建nacos_provider

说明：nacos_provider 服务提供者，里面的目录结构有

controlle，service，dao，mapper ...

在微服务的理念中每个模块都是独立运行的服务提供者也可能随时成为服务消费者(个人理解)

例如：支付模块->购物车模块

购物车模块->订单模块

那么购物车模块是服务提供者但是可可能随时变成服务消费者

1.1.3.1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos_provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

1.1.3.2.application.yml

server:
  port: 9090  #配置tomcat端口号

1.1.3.3.APP

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

//启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class);
    }
}

1.1.3.4.service(此处接口就不再写了)

package com.bjpowernode.service;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

	@Override
	public User getUserById(Integer id) {
		return new User(id,"王粪堆",18);
	}
}

1.1.3.5.controller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import com.bjpowernode.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public class ProviderController {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;

	@RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
	public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
		return userService.getUserById(id);
	}
}

1.1.4.创建nacos_consumer

说明：服务消费者

1.1.4.1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos_consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

1.1.4.2.application.yml

server:
  port: 80  #配置tomcat端口为80访问时不用输入端口号

1.1.4.3.App

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

//启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class);
    }
}

1.1.4.4.config

package com.bjpowernode.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

//配置请求工具类
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
		return new RestTemplate();
	}
}

1.1.4.5.controller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
	
	//访问Rest服务的客户端
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@RequestMapping(value="/getUserById/{id}")
	public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
		//调用服务
		String url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/provider/getUserById/"+id;
		return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
	}
}

1.1.5.启动服务

1.然后启动把 nacos_consumer(服务消费者)和nacos_provider(服务提供者) 这两个启动类先后进行启动

2.启动成功后打开浏览器输入地址： localhost/consumer/getUserById/3

3.那么网页上就会把user对象渲染上去

1.1.6.问题

以上的操作，已经实现了微服务之间的调用，但是也出现了一个问题

代码中的 url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/provider/getUserById/"+id; 127.0.0.1:9090是nacos_provider(服务提供者)的ip地址和端口号。 provider/getUserById/"+id是nacos_provider(服务提供者)的路径和参数，可以看出来ip地址个端口都是写死的，也就暴露除了一个问题

一旦服务提供者地址变化，就需要手工修改代码，一旦是多个服务提供者，无法实现负载均衡功能

一旦服务变得越来越多，人工维护调用关系困难

那么应该怎么解决呢，这时候就需要通过注册中心动态的实现服务治理(下一章)。