第二章 微服务环境搭建
我们在讲解SpringCloud的课程中,使用简单易懂的模块讲解里面相关的组件.
商品微服务
● 查询商品列表
订单微服务
● 创建订单
2.1 技术选型
持久层: SpingData Jpa
数据库: MySQL5.7
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈
2.2 模块设计
— shop-parent 父工程
— shop-product-api 商品微服务api 【存放商品实体】
— shop-product-server 商品微服务 【端口:808x】
— shop-order-api 订单微服务api 【存放订单实体】
— shop-order-server 订单微服务 【端口:809x】
2.3 微服务调用
在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用:客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求,在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者,把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这种场景下,订单微服务就是一个服务消费者, 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
2.4 版本说明
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/版本说明
毕业版本依赖关系(推荐使用)
2.5 创建父工程
创建一个maven工程,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!--⽗⼯程-->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!--依赖版本的锁定-->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
2.6 创建商品微服务
1.创建shop-product-api项目,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>shop-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-product-api</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--依赖-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建实体类
//商品
@Entity(name = "t_shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}
3.创建shop-product-server项目,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>shop-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-product-server</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.60</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-product-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.编写启动类ProductServerApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
5.编写配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: product-service
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop-product?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: zgh
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
6.在数据库中创建shop-product的数据库
(使用了jpa,它将自动根据实体创建表。)
7.创建ProductDao
package com.zgh.dao;
import com.zgh.domin.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
8.创建ProductService接口和实现类
package com.zgh.service.impl;
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Long pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}
9.创建Controller
package com.zgh.controller;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
//商品信息查询
@RequestMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product findByPid(@PathVariable("pid") Long pid) {
log.info("接下来要进⾏{}号商品信息的查询", pid);
Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
log.info("商品信息查询成功,内容为{}", JSON.toJSONString(product));
return product;
}
}
10.启动工程,等到数据库表创建完毕之后,加入测试数据
INSERT INTO t_shop_product VALUE(NULL,'⼩⽶','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO t_shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO t_shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO t_shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');
11.通过浏览器访问服务
http://localhost:8081/product/1
2.7 创建订单微服务
1.创建shop-order-api项⽬,然后在pom.xml⽂件中添加下⾯内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>shop-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order-api</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--依赖-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建实体类
package com.zgh.domain;
//订单
@Entity(name = "t_shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
//⽤户
private Long uid;//⽤户id
private String username;//⽤户名
//商品
private Long pid;//商品id
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品单价
//数量
private Integer number;//购买数量
}
3.创建shop-order-server项⽬,然后在pom.xml⽂件中添加下⾯内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>shop-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order-server</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.56</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-order-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.编写启动类OrderServer.java
package com.zgh;
public class OrderServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
5.编写配置⽂件application.yml
server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: order-service
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop-order?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: zgh
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
6.在数据库中创建shop-order的数据库
7.创建OrderDao
package com.zgh.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
}
8.创建OrderService接口和实现类
<!--在当前pom.xml中添加-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zgh</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-product-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
package com.zgh.service.impl;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Override
public Order createOrder(Long productId, Long userId) {
log.info("接收到{}号商品的下单请求,接下来调⽤商品微服务查询此商品信息",
productId);
//远程调⽤商品微服务,查询商品信息
Product product = null;
log.info("查询到{}号商品的信息,内容是:{}", productId,
JSON.toJSONString(product));
//创建订单并保存
Order order = new Order();
order.setUid(userId);
order.setUsername("叩丁狼教育");
order.setPid(productId);
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
order.setNumber(1);
orderDao.save(order);
log.info("创建订单成功,订单信息为{}", JSON.toJSONString(order));
return order;
}
}
9.创建Controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@RequestMapping("/save")
public Order order(Long pid, Long uid) {
return orderService.createOrder(pid, uid);
}
}
2.8 服务间如何进行远程调用
商品微服务已经提供了数据接口了,订单微服务应该如何去调用呢?
其实就是如何通过Java代码去调用一个http的接口地址,我们可以使用RestTemplate来进行调用 .
1.在启动类上添加RestTemplate的bean配置
package com.zgh;
public class OrderServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderServerApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
2.在OrderServiceImpl中注入RestTemplate并实现远程调用
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Override
public Order createOrder(Long productId,Long userId) {
log.info("接收到{}号商品的下单请求,接下来调⽤商品微服务查询此商品信息",
productId);
//远程调⽤商品微服务,查询商品信息
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
"http://localhost:8081/product/"+productId,Product.class);
log.info("查询到{}号商品的信息,内容是:{}", productId,
JSON.toJSONString(product));
//创建订单并保存
Order order = new Order();
order.setUid(userId);
order.setUsername("叩丁狼教育");
order.setPid(productId);
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
order.setNumber(1);
orderDao.save(order);
log.info("创建订单成功,订单信息为{}", JSON.toJSONString(order));
return order;
}
}
虽然我们已经可以实现微服务之间的调用。但是我们把服务提供者的网络地址(ip,端口)等硬编码到 了代码中,这种做法存在许多问题:
- 一旦服务提供者地址变化,就需要手工修改代码
- 一旦是多个服务提供者,无法实现负载均衡功能
- 一旦服务变得越来越多,人工维护调用关系困难
那么应该怎么解决呢, 这时候就需要通过注册中心动态的实现服务治理。
引文来源:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19T411M787