使用conda虚拟环境的PyCharm项目使用matplotlib.pyplot库出现问题

• matplotlib 版本3.8.2
• python 版本3.10

问题表述：

• 使用PyCharm的右键run会出现报错信息，但是在pycharm 的终端窗口(虚拟环境下)使用命令(python test.py)不会报错

• 出错代码位置：plt.plot(year, rank, label='大学')

• 报错信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\work_python\college3_python\week13\chinaUniversity.py", line 68, in <module>
    main(2023)
  File "D:\work_python\college3_python\week13\chinaUniversity.py", line 15, in main
    analysis()
  File "D:\work_python\college3_python\week13\chinaUniversity.py", line 61, in analysis
    plt.plot(year, rank, label='大学')
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 3575, in plot
    return gca().plot(
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 2525, in gca
    return gcf().gca()
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 1000, in gcf
    return figure()
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 934, in figure
    manager = new_figure_manager(
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 464, in new_figure_manager
    _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread()
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 441, in _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread
    canvas_class = cast(type[FigureCanvasBase], _get_backend_mod().FigureCanvas)
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 280, in _get_backend_mod
    switch_backend(rcParams._get("backend"))  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
  File "D:\condaEnv\data_analysis\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 343, in switch_backend
    canvas_class = module.FigureCanvas
AttributeError: module 'backend_interagg' has no attribute 'FigureCanvas'. Did you mean: 'FigureCanvasAgg'?

Process finished with exit code 1

解决办法（两种）

1. Matplotlib的后端可能导致问题。尝试在你出错的py代码开头添加以下行，更改Matplotlib的后端：

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')  # 选择合适的后端，例如TkAgg、Qt5Agg等

笔者尝试成功，TkAgg、Qt5Agg任选一个，右键 run 不会再出现报错

2. matplotlib的版本问题
   笔者本来使用的是matplotlib=3.8.2版本的，改为3.5.2版本就可以了，右键 run 不会再出现报错

在虚拟环境下执行以下命令

conda uninstall matplotlib
conda uninstall matplotlib-base

conda uninstall matplotlib=3.5.2