【数据结构与算法】双向链表

作者：旧梦拾遗186

专栏：数据结构成长日记

 

前言：

带头双向循环链表：结构最复杂，一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构，都是带头双向循环链表。另外这个结构虽然结构复杂，但是使用代码实现以后会发现结构会带来很多优势，实现反而简单了。
现在我们来通过代码实现带头双向循环链表，结构上虽然是链表最复杂的，但是并没有我们想象的那么困难，恰恰相反，其代码实现比较简单
 

带头双向链表样例：

 

代码实现 

List.h

#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

typedef int LTDataType;
typedef struct ListNode
{
	struct ListNode* next;
	struct ListNode* prev;
	LTDataType data;
}LTNode;

LTNode* ListInit();

void ListPrint(LTNode* phead);

void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead);

void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead);

bool ListEmpty(LTNode*phead);

size_t ListSize(LTNode*phead);

LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead,LTDataType x);

//在pos之前插入
void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x);

//删除pos位置
void ListErase(LTNode* pos);

void ListDestory(LTNode* phead);

List.c 

#include "List.h"

LTNode* ListInit()
{
	LTNode* guard = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (guard == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}
	guard->next = guard;
	guard->prev = guard;
	return guard;
}

LTNode* BuyListNode(LTDataType x)
{
	LTNode* node = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	if (node == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}
	node->next = NULL;
	node->prev = NULL;
	node->data = x;
	return node;
}


void ListPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	printf("phead<=>");
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		printf("%d<=>", cur->data);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
}

void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* newnode = BuyListNode(x);
	LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	tail->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = tail;
	newnode->next = phead;
	phead->prev = newnode;
}


void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* newnode = BuyListNode(x);
	//考虑先后顺序
	/*newnode->next = phead->next;
	phead->next->prev = newnode;
	phead->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = phead;*/
	//记录下一位，就不用考虑顺序
	LTNode* first = phead->next;
	phead->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = phead;
	newnode->next = first;
	first->prev = newnode;
}



void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!ListEmpty(phead));

	LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
	LTNode* prev = tail->prev;
	prev->next = phead;
	phead->prev = prev;
	free(tail);
	tail = NULL;
}

void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(!ListEmpty(phead));
	LTNode* first = phead->next;
	LTNode* second = first->next;

	phead->next = second;
	second->prev = phead;
	free(first);
	first = NULL;
}


bool ListEmpty(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	return phead->next == phead;
}

size_t ListSize(LTNode*phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	size_t n = 0;
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		++n;
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return n;
}

LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, int x)
{
	assert(phead);
	size_t n = 0;
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		if (cur->data == x)
		{
			return cur;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}


//在pos之前插入
void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x)
{
	assert(pos);
	LTNode* prev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* newnode = BuyListNode(x);

	prev->next = newnode;
	newnode->prev = prev;
	newnode->next = pos;
	pos->prev = newnode;
}

//删除pos位置
void ListErase(LTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pos);
	LTNode* prev = pos->prev;
	LTNode* next = pos->next;

	prev->next = next;
	next->prev = prev;
	free(pos);
}

//可以传二级，内部置空
//一级指针外部置空
void ListDestory(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		LTNode* next = cur->next;
		free(cur);
		cur = next;
	}
	free(phead);
}

 test.c

#include "List.h"

//测试尾插、头插、尾删、打印
void TestList1()
{
	LTNode* plist = ListInit();
	ListPushBack(plist, 1);
	ListPushBack(plist, 2);
	ListPushBack(plist, 3);
	ListPushBack(plist, 4);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListPushFront(plist, 10);
	ListPushFront(plist, 20);
	ListPushFront(plist, 30);
	ListPushFront(plist, 40);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);

}

//测试头删、销毁
void TestList2()
{
	LTNode* plist = ListInit();
	ListPushBack(plist, 1);
	ListPushBack(plist, 2);
	ListPushBack(plist, 3);
	ListPushBack(plist, 4);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListPopFront(plist);
	ListPopFront(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);
	ListPopFront(plist);
	ListPopFront(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);

	ListDestory(plist);
	plist = NULL;
}



int main()
{
	//TestList1();
	TestList2();
	return 0;
}

总结：

 

 

 

 

结语：

 链表的学习结束啦！！！同学们要时常复习和刷题啊，我也写了好多链表的习题博客，同学们可以来访问啦。