Kubeadm - K8S1.20 - 高可用集群部署

目录

一、环境准备

二、环境初始化

三、docker安装

四、所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

五、高可用组件安装、配置

六、部署K8S集群

七.所有节点部署网络插件flannel

八.部署 Dashboard可视化面板

九、更新k8s证书有效期

---

一、环境准备

master节点
master01	192.168.10.120
master02	192.168.10.130
master03	192.168.10.140
node节点
node01	192.168.10.121
node02	192.168.10.122
负载均衡节点
nginx+keepalive01	192.168.10.123
nginx+keepalive02	192.168.10.124

注意事项：
master节点cpu核心数要求大于2
●最新的版本不一定好，但相对于旧版本，核心功能稳定，但新增功能、接口相对不稳
●学会一个版本的 高可用部署，其他版本操作都差不多
●宿主机尽量升级到CentOS 7.9
●内核kernel升级到 4.19+ 这种稳定的内核
●部署k8s版本时，尽量找 1.xx.5 这种大于5的小版本（这种一般是比较稳定的版本）

二、环境初始化

//所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname master02
hostnamectl set-hostname master03
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

//所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.120 master01
192.168.10.130 master02
192.168.10.140 master03
192.168.10.121 node01
192.168.10.122 node02

//所有节点时间同步
yum -y install ntpdate
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

systemctl enable --now crond

crontab -e
*/30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

//所有节点实现Linux的资源限制
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

//所有节点升级内核
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

cd /opt/
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*

#更改内核启动方式
grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
grubby --default-kernel
reboot

//调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

#生效参数
sysctl --system  

//加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

三、docker安装

所有节点安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "500m", "max-file": "3"
  }
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

四、所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

//定义kubernetes源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.15 kubeadm-1.20.15 kubectl-1.20.15

#配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像

cat > /etc/sysconfig/kubelet <<EOF
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"
EOF

//开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable --now kubelet

五、高可用组件安装、配置

关闭防火墙

在01 节点上操作

192.168.10.123

//配置nginx的官方在线yum源，配置本地nginx的yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << 'EOF'
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
EOF
 
yum install nginx -y

修改nginx配置文件，配置四层反向代理负载均衡，指定k8s群集2台master的节点ip和6443端口
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
events {
    use epoll
    worker_connections  1024;
}
 
#添加
stream {
      upstream k8s-apiserver {
        server 192.168.80.101:6443;
        server 192.168.80.106:6443;
    }
    server {
        listen 6443;
        proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
    }
}

//检查配置文件语法
nginx -t   
 
//启动nginx服务，查看已监听6443端口
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
netstat -natp | grep nginx 

复制到02节点
scp nginx.conf 192.168.10.124:`pwd`

在02 节点上操作

192.168.10.124

部署keepalived服务做k8s集群负载均衡器高可用

在01 节点上操作

yum install -y keepalived

创建nginx状态检查脚本
touch nginx_check.sh
chmod +x nginx_check.sh

修改keepalived配置文件
 
vim keepalived.conf

//复制到master02主机上
scp keepalived.conf nginx_check.sh 192.168.10.124:`pwd`

//master02主机上

yum install -y keepalived

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

//在01 节点上操作

systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
ip a

关闭nginx服务
systemctl stop nginx

在02 节点上操作

systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
ip a

在01 节点上操作

systemctl start nginx keepalived.service

两个服务器都操作
 
vim nginx.conf 
server 192.168.10.120:6443;
server 192.168.10.130:6443;
server 192.168.10.140:6443;

 

systemctl restart nginx

六、部署K8S集群

//在 master01 节点上设置集群初始化配置文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.80.10        #指定当前master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443

21 apiServer:
22   certSANs:                                #在apiServer属性下面添加一个certsSANs的列表，添加所有master节点的IP地址和集群VIP地址
23   - 192.168.80.100
24   - 192.168.80.10
25   - 192.168.80.11
26   - 192.168.80.12

30 clusterName: kubernetes
31 controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.80.100:6443"        #指定集群VIP地址
32 controllerManager: {}

38 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers            #指定镜像下载地址
39 kind: ClusterConfiguration
40 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15                #指定kubernetes版本号
41 networking:
42   dnsDomain: cluster.local
43   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"                #指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
44   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16            #指定service网段
45 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
--- 
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs                                    #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式

#更新集群初始化配置文件
kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml

//所有节点拉取镜像
#拷贝yaml配置文件给其他主机，通过配置文件进行拉取镜像

将文件进行远程复制
scp kubeadm-config.yaml master02:/opt/k8s/
scp kubeadm-config.yaml master03:/opt/k8s/
for i in master02 master03 node01 node02; do scp /opt/new.yaml $i:/opt/; done

kubeadm config images pull --config /opt/new.yaml

 

//master01 节点进行初始化
kubeadm init --config new.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log

#提示：
.........
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
#master节点加入使用的命令，记录！
  kubeadm join 192.168.80.100:6443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 0f2a7ff2c46ec172f834e237fcca8a02e7c29500746594c25d995b78c92dde96

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
#node节点加入使用的命令。记录！
kubeadm join 192.168.80.100:6443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98

#若初始化失败，进行的操作
kubeadm reset -f
ipvsadm --clear 
rm -rf ~/.kube
再次进行初始化

//master01 节点进行环境配置
#配置 kubectl
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#修改controller-manager和scheduler配置文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
......
    #- --port=0                    #搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉

master02、master03节点

将其他master加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.80.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b1b33d731f9b219caa7720c2b96de9aca6f2f03867bba2ba6c6370b1fdfa40b2 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 767fcc078dec3c9021d467ddf111f4839b6c2a9e311a94abe2b1077d3a85e847
 
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 
kubectl get nodes

master02节点

master03节点

node01 node02 节点
kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e9f04f1e6495fc8095bb2c4e4991667999590ea94b88b93091112f7a27384448

七.所有节点部署网络插件flannel

//master01 节点
cd /opt/k8s/
上传flannel-v0.21.5.zip压缩包
unzip flannel-v0.21.5.zip
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar

//node01 node02 节点

cd /opt
mkdir k8s

//master01：

scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar master02:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar master03:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar node01:/opt/k8s/
scp cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz flannel-cni-plugin.tar flannel.tar node02:/opt/k8s/

在其余所有节点进入/opt/k8s目录执行
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar 

//所有服务器操作

cd /opt
mv cni/ cni_bak
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
cd /opt/k8s/
tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
ls !$

//master01 节点操作

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml   #创建资源
kubectl get nodes

八.部署 Dashboard可视化面板

//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')   #查看用户使用的令牌，需复制，后面要用

kubectl get pods -A -o wide  #master01节点上使用，即可查看到dashboard运行在那个节点上进而获取ip
#使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://192.168.10.122:30001

九、更新k8s证书有效期

#查看证书有效期
kubeadm alpha certs check-expiration
openssl x509 -noout -dates -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt

方法一：

通过脚本升级证书有效期
master01节点
cd /opt/k8s/
上传脚本update-kubeadm-cert.sh
chmod +x update-kubeadm-cert.sh
./update-kubeadm-cert.sh all

方法二：

kubeadm alpha certs renew all --config kubeadm.yaml         #重新刷新证书一年有效期
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm.yaml      #更新kubeconfig配置文件
 
随后重启证书
systemctl restart kubelet     二进制安装k8s重启方法
 
kubeadm安装k8s的重启方法
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/*.yaml  /tmp/
mv /tmp/*.yaml /etc/kubernetes/manifests/