课程笔记——田静：四六级核心语法

第一部分：如何表达一件事？

一、简单句的核心构成

• 主语 + 谓语 V. +

一个主语搭配一个谓语动词，严格要求一一对应搭配；

• I swim. （主谓结构） 不及物动词：主语一个人单独完成，不加其他对象（n）,可以加别的成分。

We walked on the street yesterday. 昨天我们在街上散步。 主谓结构，但后面加了地点（介词短语）+时间

• I like English. 主谓宾结构 及物动词：主语不能独立执行某个动作

  The bride kissed the groom. 新娘吻了新郎。

• They offered me a vacant post. = They offered a vacant post to me. 他们给了我一个空缺职位。

  （ 主谓宾宾结构：offered 后面涉及人+物，两个对象）(人在前，物在后可以直接写；物在前，人在后需要加介词（to—代表方向/for—代表目的）)

  I bought you a present. = I bought a present for you. 我给你买了一件礼物。

• I find Hong Kong very beautiful. 主谓宾+宾补（补充说明宾语），中间可以用is 连通，且意思不变

• I am very happy. 主系表 （少am，会缺少谓语成分）

常用的系动词

1. 单独的 be 动词，be doing 就不是系动词
2. get become turn go grow： 含义为“变得”是 be 动词
3. 感官动词 look sound smell taste feel 含义为“看／听／闻／尝／感觉 起来…”是 be 动词
4. keep remain ：保持 / seem appear：看起来似乎好像

【课后练习】请判断简单句的种类。

1）The project has two sides… **主谓宾 ** 这个项目有两个方面

2）Readers proceed at their own pace. 主谓 读者按照自己的节奏阅读

3）But the snail has given the project greater urgency. 主谓宾宾 但这只蜗牛给了这个项目 更大的紧迫性。

4）One example of AI is driverless cars. 主系表 人工智能的一个例子是无人驾驶汽车。

5）… it can even make meals more enjoyable. 主谓宾补 它甚至可以使用餐更愉快。

二、简单句的核心变化——谓语的时态/情态/语态/否定

​ 谓语动词有四种常见的变化：时态、情态、语态、否定

（一）谓语动词的时态：

​ 描述一件事发生的时间和状态，用谓语动词的变化来体现，一共16种，重点了解八种
​ 以现在位时间分割线，现在之前为过去，现在之后为将来；站在过去看之后发生的事为过去将来；

一般过去时

形式：V. 过去式（did）

• The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than l,700 people. 研究人员对超过一千七百人执行了五项独立调查。
• …until recently, good databases did not exist … 直到最近，还没有好的数据库

一般现在时

形式：V.原形 / V.第三人称单数（do/does）

• He often gets up late. 他经常起得很晚。
• American parents want similar things for their children… 美国父母也希望自己的孩子拥有类似的东西……
• We are friends. 我们是朋友。
• The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

一般将来时（现在将来）

形式：will + V 原形
am / is /are going to + V 原形

• At some point, almost all of us will experience a period of radical professional change. 在某些时候，我们几乎所有人都会经历一段彻底的职业变革时期。

• … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come … 城市化进程在未来几十年只会加速

过去将来时

（先得出现过去时，然后才能出现过去将来时）

形式：would + V 原形

​ was / were going to + V 原形

• Tony finished his work, and then he would leave for London. 托尼完成了他的工作，然后他将动身去伦敦。

过去 / 现在 / 将来 进行时

形式：be + doing （ be 动词时态需对应改变）

• In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home… 过去进行时 2014年，28%的年轻男性与配偶或伴侣住在自己家里

• Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. 现在进行时 然而，越来越多的企业正在考虑如何减少消费者的浪费。

• A great many candidates will be meeting here at this time tomorrow. 将来进行时 明天这个时候，许多候选人将在这里开会。

现在完成时

（1）截止到现在都做完啦！ （2）截止到现在完成了一部分 ——阶段性总结，往时间点之前看

形式：have/has + done（主语为三单，用 has ；其余全用 have）

• A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people’s extraordinary minds. 最近的几篇论文终于为这些人非凡的思想打开了一扇窗。
• Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. 自2014年6月以来，油价下跌了60%以上。

过去完成时

过去时间点之前完成的事，需要知道过去的时间节点

形式：had + done

用法：

• When he got there, she had left.
• She was not there.

课堂练习：请填入合适的时态。

1）She was (be) busy last week. 过去时 她上周很忙。

2）I was watching (watch) TV when you called me. 过去进行时 当你打电话给我时，我正在看电视。

3）Peter doesn’t play (not play) tennis at weekends. 一般现在时 彼得周末不打网球。

4） We have lived (live) here since 1992. 现在完成时 自从1992年以来，我们一直住在这里。（现在的之前一直住在这儿）

5）Lily told her teacher she would hand (hand) in the homework the next day。过去将来时 莉莉告诉她的老师她将在第二天交作业。

6）Before the meeting started, he hand finished (finish) all the preparation. 过去完成时 在会议开始前，他亲手完成了所有的准备工作。

（二）谓语动词的情态：

情绪和态度 ：动词+动词原形 must、can、could、may、will、 would、 should

• Those sick people should seek help from doctors. 那些病人应该寻求医生的帮助。
• Will you marry me? 愿意嫁给我吗?
• supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones… 补充剂可能会增加患肾结石的风险
• A handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail… 少数人可以回忆起他们生活中几乎每一天的细节。

（三）谓语动词的语态

1 被动语态的构成

• 在她的研究中，参与者是（过去）被随机分配到两组中的。

​ In her study, participants were assigned (assign) randomly (随机地) to two groups.

• 它们将会被不可预见和意外后果所限制。

​ They will be limited (limit) by their unforeseen and unintended consequences.

2 被动语态与时态相结合

• 他每天被打。 He is beaten every day。 一般现在时
• 他昨天被打了。 He was beaten yesterday。 过去式
• 他明天将要被打。 He will be beaten tomorrow. 将来时
• 他现在正在被打。 He is being beaten. (现在进行时的被动 am/is/are + being done)
• 他现在已经被打了。 He has been beaten. (现在完成时的被动 have/has + been done)

3 被动语态与情态动词相结合

情态动词后面用动词原形

• Planes can be heard. 可以听到飞机的声音
• Planes could be heard. 过去可以听到飞机的声音
• Planes may be heard. 可能会听到飞机的声音。
• Planes must be heard. 一定能听到飞机的声音

课堂练习：请填入合适的被动语态。

1）Our morning paper is read (read) by over 200,000 people every day. 我们的晨报每天有20多万人阅读。

2）Last night my favorite TV program was interrupted (interrupt) by a special news bulletin. 昨晚我最喜欢的电视节目被一个特别的新闻简报打断了。

3）His bike will be repaired (repair) by his grandfather tomorrow. 他的自行车明天将由他的祖父修理。

4）So far the new machine has been used (use) in our factory for two weeks. 到目前为止，这台新机器已在我们工厂使用了两个星期。

5）天气不能被人们所控制。 Weather cannot be controlled by people。

三、简单句的扩展——形容词/副词/介词短语

看句子方法：少看其他成分，只看主谓宾。

名词归形容词修饰；其他的都归副词修饰。

（一）形容词修饰：名词

• Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company… 形容词和名词挨着的修饰（在名词前面） 我们的研究将使用一家大型医疗公司的大型企业数据集……
• Things are getting more complicated. 名词+系动词+形容词。 事情变得越来越复杂了。

（二）副词修饰：动词、句子、形容词、其他副词

• You actually love reading. 修饰动词喜欢 你其实喜欢阅读。
• Unfortunately, they failed at last. 修饰整个句子 不幸的是，他们最终失败了。
• The new plans are absolutely feasible. 修饰形容词可行的 新计划是绝对可行的。
• We worked very hard to win the first place。 **very 修饰 hard，副词 hard 修饰动词worked ** 为了赢得第一名，我们非常努力

（三）介词+其他成分 = 构成介词短语

• In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers searched for sex differences throughout the entire human brain. 在这项研究中，特拉维夫大学的研究人员在整个人类大脑中寻找性别差异。
• A designer can’t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week … 设计师不参加巴黎时装周就无法生存……
• The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before. A of B 翻译为 B的A 美国富人家庭和穷人家庭的孩子的生活看起来比以往任何时候都不同。
• In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. 2008年，人类历史上第一次有超过一半的世界人口居住在城镇。
• Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 来自世界各地的国家聚集在巴黎参加联合国气候变化大会(COP 21)，目标是就减少温室气体排放达成一项普遍的、可能具有法律约束力的协议。

四、简单句的提升——非谓语动词：单独出现 doing / done / to do

（一） 非谓语动词相当于 名词，作主/宾/表语

• In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. 在日常生活中，遗忘其实有明显的好处。

​ In daily life, to forget actually has clear advantages.

​ In daily life, it actually has clear advantages to forget. to do 比较灵活

• Talking about dreams without trying is no use. doing 结合介词短语 谈论梦想而不去尝试是没有用的。

​ It is no use to talk about dreams without trying.

• We enjoy reading books in the library. 动宾 我们喜欢在图书馆读书。
• We can practice English by speaking it more often. 介宾 我们可以通过多说来练习英语。
• The members of the board decide to vote against the new plan. 动宾 董事会成员决定投票反对这项新计划。
• Our main goal is to finish the task on time. 表语 我们的主要目标是按时完成任务。

（二） 非谓语动词修饰 名词 / 句子，作定语/状语

doing 修饰时，表示主动

done 修饰时，表示被动

to do 修饰时，表示目的

• Passing (pass) planes can be heard night and day. 经过的飞机日夜都能听到.
• The teacher came into the classroom, holding (hold) a book in his hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。
• He bought a used (use) car. 他买了一辆二手汽车。
• The teacher came into the classroom, followed (follow) by five students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着五个学生。
• I have a lot of homework to do (do). 我有很多作业要做。
• I am coming to see / seeing (see) you. 我是来看你的。

【课后练习】请找出非谓语动词（或词组），并判断其用法和含义。

1）It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America. 在美国，控制不断上涨的医疗费用并非易事。

2）Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s falling infrastructure. 未来一年影响房地产的另一个问题将是美国日益衰落的基础设施。

3）In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. 在《自然科学报告》上发表的一项研究中，我们揭示了这种不公正现象有多严重。

4）Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. 想办法改善剩下的20%的人的生活，似乎比试图恢复一个想象中的黄金时代更现实。

5）Private courier companies… use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. 私人快递公司……利用他们在物流方面的专业知识，帮助灾后受损地区恢复活力。

6）Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. 智能手机为实现这些目标提供了新的工具，提供了关于各种情况下日常行为的丰富数据。

五、简单句的综合运用

• Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion’s patience.
  现在，为像一顿饭这样常见的东西拍摄无数张照片的唯一明显成本是硬盘空间和用餐同伴的耐心。

• Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen cheeks pressing against their eyes.
  我环顾车厢四周，看到不少像他这样的人，包括两个胖乎乎的孩子，肿胀的脸颊贴在眼睛上。

• To hasten the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.
  为了加速科学从实验室走向市场的发展，加州大学正在把我们自己的钱投资在我们自己的好想法上。

• Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the proportions of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.
  然而，今天，尽管对数学和科学技能强的工人的需求越来越大，但授予科学、数学和工程学位的比例却在下降。

• Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks(鹳) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives.
  德国的研究人员使用微型GPS标签跟踪了70只白鹳(鹳)在它们生命的前五个月从欧洲和亚洲不同地点的迁徙。

第二部分：如何表达多件事？把多个简单句连接

六、并列句（多个简单句一样重要）

（一）并列句的构成 ：多个简单句+并列连词

四六级常考的并列连词有：

1. 表示顺接：… and … ; both … and … ；not only… , but … as well / but also … / but…

2. 表示转折: … but … ; … yet …

3. 表示选择: … or … / either … or …（二选一）; neither … nor …（两者都不）

4. 表示因果: … for … （原因）; … so… （结果）

课堂练习：请选择合适的并列连词。

1）You can ____stay at home ____ go out to play. It doesn’t matter.

A. either, or B. neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but

2）We bought her a birthday present, ____ she likes it very much.

A. so B. or C. and D. but

3）I like pop music, but ____ my father ____ my mother likes it.

A. both, and B. either, or C. neither, nor D. not only, but also

4）Tom, keep away from the fire, ____ you will get burnt.

A. and B. so C. or D. but

6）I thought we’d be late for the concert, ____ we ended up getting there ahead of time.

A. but B. or C. so D. for

（二）并列句的省略（省略相同）

• I am a teacher and I like English. 我是一名教师，我喜欢英语。 (省略主语)
  I am a teacher and like English.
• I am lying in bed and I am reading a book. 我躺在床上，我正在看书。 (省略主语+动词)
  I am lying in bed and reading a book.
• I want to leave and I want to go abroad. 我想离开，我想出国。 (省略主语+动词)
  I want to leave and （to） go abroad.

【课后练习】请找出并列连词，并判断其用法和含义；如有省略，请判断省略的成分。

1）During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquakes occur.
在一次大型板块碰撞事件中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上一些最强烈的地震就会发生。

2）We can’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat.
我们无法改变久坐不动的生活方式，但我们可以为消费者提供美味、低盐、低糖、低脂肪的产品。

3）Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn’t. 大学专业要么物有所值，要么不值。

4）In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval.
从某种意义上说，遗忘是我们大脑整理记忆的方式，所以最相关的记忆已经准备好了。

5）They might eat something toxic and （They might）damage their health. 他们可能会吃有毒的东西，损害他们的健康。

七、复合句——名词性从句（多个简单句不一样重要：主句+从句）

（一） 宾语从句

1.宾语从句的含义：

2.宾语从句的写法：一主一谓，先主后谓；后面陈述句缺什么成分，连接词就为相应成分

课堂练习：填入宾语从句的连接词。

1.我承诺我会帮助你。

​ I promise ____ I will help you. 不缺成分，加 that：that 可以省略

2.你从来没告诉过我，你对我的电脑做了什么。

​ You never told me ____ you had done to my computer. what

3.他们不知道他们是否会按时完成工作。

​ They don’t know ____ they will finish the work on time. whether (适合所有的是否)

4.我想知道什么时候我们将会出发。

​ I wonder ____ we will set out. when

3. 宾语从句的位置：

• I don’t know when you will finish the work. 动词后面+宾语从句（单宾）
  我不知道你什么时候能完成这项工作。

​ No one tells me when you will finish the work. 动词后面+宾语从句（双宾）
​ 没有人告诉我你什么时候能完成这项工作

• I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 介宾
  我担心我是否伤害了她的感情
• Are you positive (that) you have never seen that man before ? 形容词后面+宾语从句
  你敢肯定你以前从未见过那个人吗?

（二） 表语从句

• My concern is that people don’t care about others. 我担心的是人们不关心别人。

• The question remains whether people will trust it. 问题仍然是人们是否会相信它。

（三） 主语从句

• 位置 1: 句首

​ Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。

• 位置 2: 句尾(句首用形式主语 it)

It depends on the weather whether we will go camping。 我们是否去露营取决于天气。

注意：两种位置，意思相同，但更常用的是位于句尾的主语从句。

（四） 同位语从句：解释说明前面名词

最常用的是：“that+陈述句”这种 （注意：that 不作成分，但不能省略）

• I support the argument that the problems of school buses must be taken seriously.

【课后练习】请找出名词性从句，并判断类别。

1）This is how society moves forward. 表语从句 这就是社会前进的方式

2）Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. 宾语从句
就像没有人能预测过去十年社交媒体会发生什么一样，也没有人能准确预测这项技术将把我们带向何方。

3）This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. 同位语从句 时间状语从句
这表明，随着年龄的增长，我们的免疫系统真的不能很好地发挥作用。

4）…it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree… 主语从句
对他们来说，孩子获得大学学位是极其重要的

5）What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks. 主语从句
我们需要的是立法禁止在食品和饮料中使用高含量的糖浆。

6）That means embracing what is truly interesting or unique about yourself. 宾语从句
这意味着拥抱自己真正有趣或独特的地方。

八、复合句——定语从句

1. 定语从句的概述：一个句子作定语，定语修饰限制名词；定语挨着名词，在所修饰的名词后

2. 定语从句的写法：

   

定语从句 关系词如何选择？ 看先行词！ 由先行词确定关系词，且关系词 = 先行词，关系词在从句中做成分
注意事项：定语从句当中，关系词做宾语（修饰人和事物），可以省略

课堂练习：请填入合适的定语从句的关系词。

1）I have a class __ which / that__ begins at 8:00 am.
我有一节课，上课时间是上午8点。

2）The lawyer who / whom / that my brother called didn’t answer the phone.

3）My daughter asked me a question which / that I couldn’t answer.

4）The people who / that sat in the stadium cheered for the home team。 修饰的名词为人且做主语，连接词不能有 whom

5）Leo is the student whose bike was stolen.

6）Australia is one of the few countries where people drive on the left。

7）Sunday is the day when people usually don’t go to work。

8）Is there any particular reason why you can’t come?

课堂练习：请写出定语从句。

1）I lost the book which/what I borrowed from the library last week .

​ 我弄丢了上周从图书馆借的书。

2）I can’t remember the day when we met last time.

​ 我记不起上一次我们是什么时候碰面的。

3. 定语从句的分类：

• I met your friend who is staying in Paris. 限定性定语从句（限定前面名词的范围） 我遇到了你住在巴黎的朋友。
• I met your mother**,** who is staying in Paris. 非限定性定语从句（前面名词限定的范围很明确，不用再次限定，可进行补充说明；有，逗号） 我遇到了你的母亲，她现在住在巴黎。

注意：非限定性定语从句不仅可以修饰前面的名词，还可以修饰前面整句话。

• Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings. 两个非限定性定语从句
  较贫穷的父母在孩子身上投入的时间和资源较少，这可能会让孩子在上学和工作方面准备不足，从而导致收入较低。

【课后练习】请找出定语从句，并理解其用法和含义。

1）This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade. 这推动了新微波炉的销售，预计到本十年末，新微波炉在欧盟的年销量将达到1.35亿台。

2）In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones… such strategies often failed.
在一个人们越来越依赖手机的世界里，这样的策略往往会失败。

3）Of the produce that does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales promotions frequently encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities which … inevitably generate wastage in the home.
在超市里出现的农产品中，常用的促销活动经常鼓励顾客购买过多的产品，这不可避免地造成了家庭的浪费。

4）This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.
这发生在其他国家在自己的研究能力方面取得重大进展的时候。

5）Even people whose data are less popular can benefit.
即使是那些数据不太受欢迎的人也能从中受益

6）In the new global economy, students who fail to finish ninth grade with passing grades in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs.
在新的全球经济中，如果学生在大学预科课程中成绩不及格，那么他们很难按时毕业并找到工作。

九、复合句——状语从句

1 状语从句的含义：一个句子做状语，表达描述性的信息；描述时间、地点、原因、结果、条件等等；用来补充说明主句。

2 状语从句的位置：挨着主句，可前、可后、可两逗号之间做插入

3 状语从句的写法及分类：状语从句分成 9 种，主要是由从属连词决定。
状语从句是一个完整的陈述句、不缺成分；连接词为从属连词，不做任何成分，只表达意思
（1）时间状语从句
when / while / as 当 … 时候
before / after 之前 / 之后
as soon as 一 … 就 …
since / until 从 … 时候开始 / 直到 … 结束
by the time 截止到 …

（2）地点状语从句
where 在 …… 的地方
Where there is a will, there is a way. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀

（3）原因状语从句
because 都表示因为
since
as

（4）结果状语从句
so … that … 如此 …… 以致于 …… （接形容词、副词）
such … that … （接名词或者名词词组）
so that … 所以 …
He reads so passionately that he always forgets to eat. 他读得那么入迷，总是忘了吃饭。
He got such a fright that he nearly dropped the bag. 他吓得差点把包掉在地上。

（5）目的状语从句
so that … 后面出现情态动词，表目的；
in order that… 为了
She ran very fast so that she might catch the last train. 她跑得很快，以便能赶上末班车。

（6）条件状语从句
if 如果
unless 除非；如果不
once 一 … 就， 一旦
as long as 只要 …… 就

（7）让步状语从句 ：明让步，暗转折
although / though 虽然 / 尽管 / 即使 … 但是
even if / even though
Although it was summer, it was really cold. = it was summer, but it was really cold.
虽然是夏天，但真的很冷.

（8）比较状语从句
than
as
You are smarter than they think.

（9）方式状语从句
as

When in Rome, do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。

【课后练习】请找出状语从句，并理解其用法和含义。

1）.… if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to contaminate it… 条件
如果食物在地板上只停留几秒钟，污垢和细菌就不会有太多的机会污染它

2）… when Merian did it at the turn of the 18 th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. 时间
当梅里安在18世纪之交这样做时，令人惊讶的是，没有人反对。

3）Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life… 结果
许多人的信用卡借款如此之多，以至于在他们生命结束时，这些水平的偿还率不足以收回他们的信用卡债务。

4）If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn’t they have a say in how their money is used? 条件
如果纳税人要承担免除学生贷款的成本，他们不应该对自己的钱如何使用有发言权吗?

5）They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. 比较
它们会比人类司机犯更少的错误。

6）Sometimes we believe things because they make us look good to the people we care about. 原因
有时候，我们相信某些事情，是因为它们能让我们在我们在乎的人面前显得更好看。

十、并列句和复合句的综合运用

• While the ‘five second rule’ might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.
  虽然“五秒规则”似乎不是食品科学家最迫切需要深入研究的问题，但它仍然值得研究像这样的食品神话，因为它们塑造了我们对食物安全食用的信念。
• If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm.
  如果他们在系统启动时发现有问题，他们就会向基站发送无线警报信号，然后基站就会发出警报。
• When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren’t told to take photos.
  当人们被鼓励在吃午餐时至少拍三张照片时，他们比那些没有被要求拍照的人更专注于吃饭。
• Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online.
  也许最深刻的变化将在全球50亿目前没有互联网接入的人上网时出现。
• But if we’re talking about the benefits to society, the only thing （that matters） is what the major enables the student to produce for society.
  但如果我们谈论的是对社会的好处，唯一重要的是这个专业能让学生为社会做出什么贡献。
• For instance, new technologies （that are building upon existing technology） have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal.
  例如，建立在现有技术基础上的新技术还没有找到足够好的立足点来吸引大众，因为在许多情况下，它们需要与其他设备有效地合作才能充分发挥其吸引力。
• In the most rigorous study on the classroom results of high school coaches,the University of Arkansas’s Anna Egalite finds that athletic coaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respect to raising student test scores.
  阿肯色大学(University of Arkansas)的安娜·埃盖尔特(Anna Egalite)对高中教练的课堂教学结果进行了最严格的研究，结果发现，在提高学生考试成绩方面，佛罗里达州的体育教练大多与非教练的同行表现一样好。