Untitled8

小黑子最爱看的40张图标

简介

1.分组条形图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# set width of bars
barWidth = 0.25
 
# set heights of bars
bars1 = [12, 30, 1, 8, 22]
bars2 = [28, 6, 16, 5, 10]
bars3 = [29, 3, 24, 25, 17]
 
# Set position of bar on X axis
r1 = np.arange(len(bars1))
r2 = [x + barWidth for x in r1]
r3 = [x + barWidth for x in r2]
 
# Make the plot
plt.bar(r1, bars1, color='#7f6d5f', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var1')
plt.bar(r2, bars2, color='#557f2d', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var2')
plt.bar(r3, bars3, color='#2d7f5e', width=barWidth, edgecolor='white', label='var3')
 
# Add xticks on the middle of the group bars
plt.xlabel('group', fontweight='bold')
plt.xticks([r + barWidth for r in range(len(bars1))], ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])
 
# Create legend & Show graphic
plt.legend()
plt.show()

2.基础条形图

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create dataset
height = [3, 12, 5, 18, 45]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars
plt.bar(x_pos, height)
 
# Create names on the x-axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graphic
plt.show()

3.附加时间轴标签

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create dataset
height = [3, 12, 5, 18, 45]
bars = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
x_pos = np.arange(len(bars))
 
# Create bars and choose color
plt.bar(x_pos, height, color = (0.5,0.1,0.5,0.6))
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.title('My title')
plt.xlabel('categories')
plt.ylabel('values')
 
# Create names on the x axis
plt.xticks(x_pos, bars)
 
# Show graph
plt.show()

4.折线图的小倍数（左图）

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y9': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14) })
 
# Initialize the figure style
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
 
# create a color palette
palette = plt.get_cmap('Set1')
 
# multiple line plot
num=0
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    num+=1
 
    # Find the right spot on the plot
    plt.subplot(3,3, num)
 
    # Plot the lineplot
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color=palette(num), linewidth=1.9, alpha=0.9, label=column)
 
    # Same limits for every chart
    plt.xlim(0,10)
    plt.ylim(-2,22)
 
    # Not ticks everywhere
    if num in range(7) :
        plt.tick_params(labelbottom='off')
    if num not in [1,4,7] :
        plt.tick_params(labelleft='off')
 
    # Add title
    plt.title(column, loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color=palette(num) )

# general title
plt.suptitle("How the 9 students improved\nthese past few days?", fontsize=13, fontweight=0, color='black', style='italic', y=1.02)
 
# Axis titles
plt.text(0.5, 0.02, 'Time', ha='center', va='center')
plt.text(0.06, 0.5, 'Note', ha='center', va='center', rotation='vertical')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

5.折线图的小倍数（右图）

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y9': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14) })
 
# Initialize the figure style
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
 
# create a color palette
palette = plt.get_cmap('Set1')
 
# multiple line plot
num=0
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    num+=1
 
    # Find the right spot on the plot
    plt.subplot(3,3, num)
 
    # plot every group, but discrete
    for v in df.drop('x', axis=1):
        plt.plot(df['x'], df[v], marker='', color='grey', linewidth=0.6, alpha=0.3)
 
    # Plot the lineplot
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color=palette(num), linewidth=2.4, alpha=0.9, label=column)
 
    # Same limits for every chart
    plt.xlim(0,10)
    plt.ylim(-2,22)
 
    # Not ticks everywhere
    if num in range(7) :
        plt.tick_params(labelbottom='off')
    if num not in [1,4,7] :
        plt.tick_params(labelleft='off')
 
    # Add title
    plt.title(column, loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color=palette(num) )

# general title
plt.suptitle("How the 9 students improved\nthese past few days?", fontsize=13, fontweight=0, color='black', style='italic', y=1.02)
 
# Axis titles
plt.text(0.5, 0.02, 'Time', ha='center', va='center')
plt.text(0.06, 0.5, 'Note', ha='center', va='center', rotation='vertical')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

6.基本matplotlib散点图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Create a dataset:
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101) })
 
# plot
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='o')
plt.show()

7.自定义matplotlib-scatterplot

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# dataset
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*80+range(1,101) })

# === Left figure:
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='*')
plt.show()
 
# === Right figure:
all_poss=['.','o','v','^','>','<','s','p','*','h','H','D','d','1','','']
 
# to see all possibilities:
# markers.MarkerStyle.markers.keys()
 
# set the limit of x and y axis:
plt.xlim(0.5,4.5)
plt.ylim(0.5,4.5)
 
# remove ticks and values of axis:
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
#plt.set_xlabel(size=0)
 
# Make a loop to add markers one by one
num=0
for x in range(1,5):
    for y in range(1,5):
        num += 1
        plt.plot(x,y,marker=all_poss[num-1], markerfacecolor='orange', markersize=23, markeredgecolor="black")
        plt.text(x+0.2, y, all_poss[num-1], horizontalalignment='left', size='medium', color='black', weight='semibold')

8.意大利面条图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Make a data frame
df=pd.DataFrame({'x': range(1,11), 'y1': np.random.randn(10), 'y2': np.random.randn(10)+range(1,11), 'y3': np.random.randn(10)+range(11,21), 'y4': np.random.randn(10)+range(6,16), 'y5': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14)+(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-3,-8,-6), 'y6': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12), 'y7': np.random.randn(10)+range(5,15), 'y8': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y9': np.random.randn(10)+range(4,14), 'y10': np.random.randn(10)+range(2,12) })
 
# Change the style of plot
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
 
# Create a color palette
palette = plt.get_cmap('Set1')
 
# Plot multiple lines
num=0
for column in df.drop('x', axis=1):
    num+=1
    plt.plot(df['x'], df[column], marker='', color=palette(num), linewidth=1, alpha=0.9, label=column)

# Add legend
plt.legend(loc=2, ncol=2)
 
# Add titles
plt.title("A (bad) Spaghetti plot", loc='left', fontsize=12, fontweight=0, color='orange')
plt.xlabel("Time")
plt.ylabel("Score")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

9.默认分组连接散点图

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# Set figure default figure size
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (10, 6)
# Create a random number generator for reproducibility
rng = np.random.default_rng(1111)

# Get some random points!
x = np.array(range(10))
y = rng.integers(10, 100, 10)
z = y + rng.integers(5, 20, 10)

plt.plot(x, z, linestyle="-", marker="o", label="Income")
plt.plot(x, y, linestyle="-", marker="o", label="Expenses")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

10.自定义线条和标记

plt.plot(
    x, z, ls="--", lw=3, 
    marker="X", markersize=10, markerfacecolor="red", markeredgecolor="black",
    label="Income"
)
plt.plot(
    x, y, ls=":", 
    marker="o", markersize=15, markerfacecolor="None", 
    label="Expenses"
)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

11.熊猫基本花图

# library
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# --- dataset 1: just 4 values for 4 groups:
df = pd.DataFrame([8,8,1,2], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['x'])
 
# make the plot
df.plot(kind='pie', subplots=True, figsize=(8, 8))

# show the plot
plt.show()

# library
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# --- dataset 2: 3 columns and rownames
df = pd.DataFrame({'var1':[8,3,4,2], 'var2':[1,3,4,1]}, index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] )
 
# make the multiple plot
df.plot(kind='pie', subplots=True, figsize=(16,8))

# show the plot
plt.show()

12.基本甜甜圈图

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create data
size_of_groups=[12,11,3,30]
 
# Create a pie plot
plt.pie(size_of_groups)
#plt.show()
 
# add a white circle at the center
my_circle=plt.Circle( (0,0), 0.7, color='white')
p=plt.gcf()
p.gca().add_artist(my_circle)

# show the graph
plt.show()

13.甜甜圈图的变化背景

# library
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Data
names = 'groupA', 'groupB', 'groupC', 'groupD',
size = [12,11,3,30]
 
# create a figure and set different background
fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('black')
 
# Change color of text
plt.rcParams['text.color'] = 'white'
 
# Create a circle at the center of the plot
my_circle=plt.Circle( (0,0), 0.7, color='black')
 
# Pieplot + circle on it
plt.pie(size, labels=names)
p=plt.gcf()
p.gca().add_artist(my_circle)
plt.show()

14.带子群的圆环图

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Make data: I have 3 groups and 7 subgroups
group_names=['groupA', 'groupB', 'groupC']
group_size=[12,11,30]
subgroup_names=['A.1', 'A.2', 'A.3', 'B.1', 'B.2', 'C.1', 'C.2', 'C.3', 'C.4', 'C.5']
subgroup_size=[4,3,5,6,5,10,5,5,4,6]
 
# Create colors
a, b, c=[plt.cm.Blues, plt.cm.Reds, plt.cm.Greens]
 
# First Ring (outside)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.axis('equal')
mypie, _ = ax.pie(group_size, radius=1.3, labels=group_names, colors=[a(0.6), b(0.6), c(0.6)] )
plt.setp( mypie, width=0.3, edgecolor='white')
 
# Second Ring (Inside)
mypie2, _ = ax.pie(subgroup_size, radius=1.3-0.3, labels=subgroup_names, labeldistance=0.7, colors=[a(0.5), a(0.4), a(0.3), b(0.5), b(0.4), c(0.6), c(0.5), c(0.4), c(0.3), c(0.2)])
plt.setp( mypie2, width=0.4, edgecolor='white')
plt.margins(0,0)
 
# show it
plt.show()

15.基本棒棒糖地块

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
x=range(1,41)
values=np.random.uniform(size=40)
 
# stem function
plt.stem(x, values)
plt.ylim(0, 1.2)
plt.show()
 
# stem function: If x is not provided, a sequence of numbers is created by python:
plt.stem(values)
plt.show()

16.垂直棒棒糖地块

# libraries
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# Create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'values':np.random.uniform(size=20) })
 
# Reorder it based on the values
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='values')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# The horizontal plot is made using the hline function
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=0, xmax=ordered_df['values'], color='skyblue')
plt.plot(ordered_df['values'], my_range, "o")
 
# Add titles and axis names
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.title("A vertical lolipop plot", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# Show the plot
plt.show()

17.高光a组

# libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create a dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'group':list(map(chr, range(65, 85))), 'values':np.random.uniform(size=20) })
 
# Reorder it based on values:
ordered_df = df.sort_values(by='values')
my_range=range(1,len(df.index)+1)
 
# Create a color if the group is "B"
my_color=np.where(ordered_df ['group']=='B', 'orange', 'skyblue')
my_size=np.where(ordered_df ['group']=='B', 70, 30)
 
# The horizontal plot is made using the hline() function
plt.hlines(y=my_range, xmin=0, xmax=ordered_df['values'], color=my_color, alpha=0.4)
plt.scatter(ordered_df['values'], my_range, color=my_color, s=my_size, alpha=1)
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.yticks(my_range, ordered_df['group'])
plt.title("What about the B group?", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# show the graph
plt.show()

18.有条件颜色的棒棒糖图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
 
# Data
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
y = np.sin(x) + np.random.uniform(size=len(x)) - 0.2
 
# Create a color if the y axis value is equal or greater than 0
my_color = np.where(y>=0, 'orange', 'skyblue')
 
# The vertical plot is made using the vline function
plt.vlines(x=x, ymin=0, ymax=y, color=my_color, alpha=0.4)
plt.scatter(x, y, color=my_color, s=1, alpha=1)
 
# Add title and axis names
plt.title("Evolution of the value of ...", loc='left')
plt.xlabel('Value of the variable')
plt.ylabel('Group')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

19.自定义matplotlib标题

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Data
x = np.random.normal(size=50000)
y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=50000)

# A histogram 2D
plt.hist2d(x, y, bins=(50, 50), cmap=plt.cm.Reds)

# Add a basic title
plt.title("A 2D histogram")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

20.注释matplotlib图表

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
#Data
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_pos': range(1,101), 'y_pos': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101) })

# Basic chart
plt.plot('x_pos', 'y_pos', data=df,  linestyle='none', marker='o')
 
# Annotate with text + Arrow
plt.annotate(
# Label and coordinate
'This point is interesting!', xy=(25, 50), xytext=(0, 80),
 
# Custom arrow
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))

# Show the graph
plt.show()

21.用子图形分割图形窗口

# libraries and data
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_values': range(1,101), 'y_values': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101), 'z_values': (np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101))*2 })
 
# Cut your window in 1 row and 2 columns, and start a plot in the first part
plt.subplot(121)
plt.plot( 'x_values', 'y_values', data=df, marker='o', alpha=0.4)
plt.title("A subplot with 2 lines")
 
# And now add something in the second part:
plt.subplot(122)
plt.plot( 'x_values','z_values', data=df, linestyle='none', marker='o', color="orange", alpha=0.3)
 
# Show the graph
plt.show()

22.使用matplotlib选择一种颜色

# libraries
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# dataset
df=pd.DataFrame({'x_pos': range(1,101), 'y_pos': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101)})
 
# plot
plt.plot( 'x_pos', 'y_pos', data=df, marker='o', color='mediumvioletred')

# show the graph
plt.show()

23.带matplotlib的可用调色板

# libraries
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
x = np.random.rand(15)
y = x+np.random.rand(15)
z = x+np.random.rand(15)
z=z*z
 
# call pallette in cmap
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="BuPu", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()
 
# You can reverse it by adding "_r" to the end:
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="BuPu_r", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()

# OTHER: viridis / inferno / plasma / magma
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="plasma", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.show()

24.带matplotlib的sankey图

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.sankey import Sankey
 
# basic sankey chart
Sankey(flows=[0.25, 0.15, 0.60, -0.20, -0.15, -0.05, -0.50, -0.10], labels=['', '', '', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Fifth'], orientations=[-1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,-1]).finish()
plt.title("Sankey diagram with default settings")
plt.show()

25.基本面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create data
x=range(1,6)
y=[1,4,6,8,4]
 
# Area plot
plt.fill_between(x, y)

# Show the graph
plt.show()
 
# Note that we could also use the stackplot function
# but fill_between is more convenient for future customization.
#plt.stackplot(x,y)
#plt.show()

26.改进面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# create data
x=range(1,15)
y=[1,4,6,8,4,5,3,2,4,1,5,6,8,7]
 
# Change the color and its transparency
plt.fill_between( x, y, color="skyblue", alpha=0.4)

# Show the graph
plt.show()
 
# Same, but add a stronger line on top (edge)
plt.fill_between( x, y, color="skyblue", alpha=0.2)
plt.plot(x, y, color="Slateblue", alpha=0.6)
# See the line plot function to learn how to customize the plt.plot function

# Show the graph
plt.show()

27.面积图和饰面

# libraries
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create a dataset
my_count=["France","Australia","Japan","USA","Germany","Congo","China","England","Spain","Greece","Marocco","South Africa","Indonesia","Peru","Chili","Brazil"]
df = pd.DataFrame({
"country":np.repeat(my_count, 10),
"years":list(range(2000, 2010)) * 16,
"value":np.random.rand(160)
})
 
# Create a grid : initialize it
g = sns.FacetGrid(df, col='country', hue='country', col_wrap=4, )

# Add the line over the area with the plot function
g = g.map(plt.plot, 'years', 'value')
 
# Fill the area with fill_between
g = g.map(plt.fill_between, 'years', 'value', alpha=0.2).set_titles("{col_name} country")
 
# Control the title of each facet
g = g.set_titles("{col_name}")
 
# Add a title for the whole plot
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.92)
g = g.fig.suptitle('Evolution of the value of stuff in 16 countries')

# Show the graph
plt.show()

28.白色网格面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# set the seaborn style
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
 
# Color palette
blue, = sns.color_palette("muted", 1)
 
# Create data
x = np.arange(23)
y = np.random.randint(8, 20, 23)
 
# Make the plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y, color=blue, lw=3)
ax.fill_between(x, 0, y, alpha=.3)
ax.set(xlim=(0, len(x) - 1), ylim=(0, None), xticks=x)

# Show the graph
plt.show()

29.基本堆积面积图

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# --- FORMAT 1
 
# Your x and y axis
x=range(1,6)
y=[ [1,4,6,8,9], [2,2,7,10,12], [2,8,5,10,6] ]
 
# Basic stacked area chart.
plt.stackplot(x,y, labels=['A','B','C'])
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
 
# --- FORMAT 2
x=range(1,6)
y1=[1,4,6,8,9]
y2=[2,2,7,10,12]
y3=[2,8,5,10,6]
 
# Basic stacked area chart.
plt.stackplot(x,y1, y2, y3, labels=['A','B','C'])
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()

30.堆叠面积图的基线选项

# libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
 
# Create data
X = np.arange(0, 10, 1)
Y = X + 5 * np.random.random((5, X.size))
 
# There are 4 types of baseline we can use:
baseline = ["zero", "sym", "wiggle", "weighted_wiggle"]
 
# Let's make 4 plots, 1 for each baseline
for n, v in enumerate(baseline):
    if n<3 :
        plt.tick_params(labelbottom='off')
    plt.subplot(2 ,2, n + 1)
    plt.stackplot(X, *Y, baseline=v)
    plt.title(v)
    plt.tight_layout()

31.基本气泡图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 
# create data
x = np.random.rand(40)
y = np.random.rand(40)
z = np.random.rand(40)
 
# use the scatter function
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*1000, alpha=0.5)

# show the graph
plt.show()

32.来自相关矩阵的网络

# libraries
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# I build a data set: 10 individuals and 5 variables for each
ind1=[5,10,3,4,8,10,12,1,9,4]
ind5=[1,1,13,4,18,5,2,11,3,8]
df = pd.DataFrame({ 'A':ind1, 'B':ind1 + np.random.randint(10, size=(10)) , 'C':ind1 + np.random.randint(10, size=(10)) , 'D':ind1 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10)) , 'E':ind1 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10)), 'F':ind5, 'G':ind5 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10)) , 'H':ind5 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10)), 'I':ind5 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10)), 'J':ind5 + np.random.randint(5, size=(10))})
 
# Calculate the correlation between individuals. We have to transpose first, because the corr function calculate the pairwise correlations between columns.
corr = df.corr()
 
# Transform it in a links data frame (3 columns only):
links = corr.stack().reset_index()
links.columns = ['var1', 'var2', 'value']
 
# Keep only correlation over a threshold and remove self correlation (cor(A,A)=1)
links_filtered=links.loc[ (links['value'] > 0.8) & (links['var1'] != links['var2']) ]
 
# Build your graph
G=nx.from_pandas_edgelist(links_filtered, 'var1', 'var2')
 
# Plot the network:
nx.draw(G, with_labels=True, node_color='orange', node_size=400, edge_color='black', linewidths=1, font_size=15)

33.散点图动画

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# grey background
sns.set(style="darkgrid")

# Scatterplot with 1 data point
plt.scatter(1, 10, s=600, alpha=0.5, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)
plt.xlim(0, 10)
plt.ylim(0, 100)
plt.show();

34.3d散点图

# libraries
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
 
# Dataset
df=pd.DataFrame({'X': range(1,101), 'Y': np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101), 'Z': (np.random.randn(100)*15+range(1,101))*2 })
 
# plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.scatter(df['X'], df['Y'], df['Z'], c='skyblue', s=60)
plt.show()

35.雷达基本图

# Libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
from math import pi
 
# Set data
df = pd.DataFrame({
'group': ['A','B','C','D'],
'var1': [38, 1.5, 30, 4],
'var2': [29, 10, 9, 34],
'var3': [8, 39, 23, 24],
'var4': [7, 31, 33, 14],
'var5': [28, 15, 32, 14]
})
 
# number of variable
categories=list(df)[1:]
N = len(categories)
 
# We are going to plot the first line of the data frame.
# But we need to repeat the first value to close the circular graph:
values=df.loc[0].drop('group').values.flatten().tolist()
values += values[:1]
values
 
# What will be the angle of each axis in the plot? (we divide the plot / number of variable)
angles = [n / float(N) * 2 * pi for n in range(N)]
angles += angles[:1]
 
# Initialise the spider plot
ax = plt.subplot(111, polar=True)
 
# Draw one axe per variable + add labels
plt.xticks(angles[:-1], categories, color='grey', size=8)
 
# Draw ylabels
ax.set_rlabel_position(0)
plt.yticks([10,20,30], ["10","20","30"], color="grey", size=7)
plt.ylim(0,40)
 
# Plot data
ax.plot(angles, values, linewidth=1, linestyle='solid')
 
# Fill area
ax.fill(angles, values, 'b', alpha=0.1)

# Show the graph
plt.show()

36.使用matplotlib绘制密度图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import kde
 
# create data
x = np.random.normal(size=500)
y = x * 3 + np.random.normal(size=500)
 
# Evaluate a gaussian kde on a regular grid of nbins x nbins over data extents
nbins=300
k = kde.gaussian_kde([x,y])
xi, yi = np.mgrid[x.min():x.max():nbins*1j, y.min():y.max():nbins*1j]
zi = k(np.vstack([xi.flatten(), yi.flatten()]))
 
# Make the plot
plt.pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape), shading='auto')
plt.show()
 
# Change color palette
plt.pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape), shading='auto', cmap=plt.cm.Greens_r)
plt.show()

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_10028\1895255686.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Please use `gaussian_kde` from the `scipy.stats` namespace, the `scipy.stats.kde` namespace is deprecated.
  k = kde.gaussian_kde([x,y])

37.避免二维密度的重叠

# Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import kde
 
# Create data: 200 points
data = np.random.multivariate_normal([0, 0], [[1, 0.5], [0.5, 3]], 200)
x, y = data.T
 
# Create a figure with 6 plot areas
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=6, nrows=1, figsize=(21, 5))
 
# Everything starts with a Scatterplot
axes[0].set_title('Scatterplot')
axes[0].plot(x, y, 'ko')
# As you can see there is a lot of overlapping here!
 
# Thus we can cut the plotting window in several hexbins
nbins = 20
axes[1].set_title('Hexbin')
axes[1].hexbin(x, y, gridsize=nbins, cmap=plt.cm.BuGn_r)
 
# 2D Histogram
axes[2].set_title('2D Histogram')
axes[2].hist2d(x, y, bins=nbins, cmap=plt.cm.BuGn_r)
 
# Evaluate a gaussian kde on a regular grid of nbins x nbins over data extents
k = kde.gaussian_kde(data.T)
xi, yi = np.mgrid[x.min():x.max():nbins*1j, y.min():y.max():nbins*1j]
zi = k(np.vstack([xi.flatten(), yi.flatten()]))
 
# plot a density
axes[3].set_title('Calculate Gaussian KDE')
axes[3].pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape), shading='auto', cmap=plt.cm.BuGn_r)
 
# add shading
axes[4].set_title('2D Density with shading')
axes[4].pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape), shading='gouraud', cmap=plt.cm.BuGn_r)
 
# contour
axes[5].set_title('Contour')
axes[5].pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape), shading='gouraud', cmap=plt.cm.BuGn_r)
axes[5].contour(xi, yi, zi.reshape(xi.shape) )

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_10028\129967845.py:28: DeprecationWarning: Please use `gaussian_kde` from the `scipy.stats` namespace, the `scipy.stats.kde` namespace is deprecated.
  k = kde.gaussian_kde(data.T)





<matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet at 0x132bc115220>

38.具有各种输入格式的热图

# library
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
# Create a dataset
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random((5,5)), columns=["a","b","c","d","e"])
 
# Default heatmap: just a visualization of this square matrix
sns.heatmap(df)

<AxesSubplot:>

39.定制seaborn热图

# libraries
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
# Create a dataset
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random((10,10)), columns=["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j"])

# plot a heatmap with annotation
sns.heatmap(df, annot=True, annot_kws={"size": 7})

<AxesSubplot:>

40.matplotlib中的散点图和对数尺度

# Generate data
x = rng.lognormal(size=200)
y = x + rng.normal(scale=5 * (x / np.max(x)), size=200)

# Initialize layout
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (9, 6))

# Add scatterplot
ax.scatter(x, y, s=60, alpha=0.7, edgecolors="k");