广播风暴的分析和解决方法（STP配置）

于 2023-09-20 08:30:00 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_69884785/article/details/132867034
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目录

1.广播风暴

2.解决方法：配置STP

1.广播风暴

以下图为例 

 配置交换机LSW1

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW1
[LSW1]stp
Sep 14 2023 05:35:15-08:00 LSW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095. 
          ^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[LSW1]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[LSW1]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc15-19c9
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-19c9 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc15-19c9 / 0
CIST RootPortId     :0.0
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :2
TC count per hello  :0
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:1m:27s
Number of TC        :4
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/3
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][LEARNING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Designated Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc15-19c9 / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW1]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW1]display mac-address
端口STP角色STP状态端口ID
GE 0/0/1指定端口FORWARDING (转发)0
GE 0/0/2指定端口FORWARDING (转发）0
GE 0/0/3指定端口FORWARDING (转发)0

禁用g0/0/1和g0/0/2端口  

[LSW1]display mac-address
[LSW1]interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo stp enable
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[LSW1]interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo stp enable
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]qu

 对LSW2做同样的操作 

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW2
[LSW2]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW2]
Sep 14 2023 05:44:17-08:00 LSW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 5, the 
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[LSW2]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[LSW2]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc39-46ec
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc39-46ec / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc39-46ec / 0
CIST RootPortId     :0.0
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :108
TC count per hello  :0
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:3m:14s
Number of TC        :10
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/2
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][LEARNING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Designated Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc39-46ec / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW2]display mac-address
[LSW2]interface g0/0/1
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo stp enable
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[LSW2]interface g0/0/2
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo stp enable
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]qu

 当我们互ping两个PC时，即

PC>ping 192.168.100.19 -c 8
PC>ping 192.168.100.29 -c 8

#会出现请求超时的现象
Ping 192.168.100.19: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!

这时我们再查看mac地址表

[LSW1]display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  
               VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9880-36b4 1           -      -      GE0/0/1         dynamic   0/-         
5489-98a8-0ea0 1           -      -      GE0/0/2         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2 

[LSW2]display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  
               VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9880-36b4 1           -      -      GE0/0/2         dynamic   0/-         
5489-98a8-0ea0 1           -      -      GE0/0/1         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2

 这时可以看到数据抓包，数据抓取速度很快，出现广播风暴，瞬间几千条数据，在交换机中输入命令时也会出现明显延迟

在不同的时间段查看LSW2的mac地址表

可以看到同一mac地址，记录了不同的端口（mac地址震荡）

这是由于广播风暴导致广播消息在网络中被无限循环转发，交换机会不断地接收到重复的广播消息，并会记录下每个消息的源MAC地址和接收端口。这时cpu的利用率也会不断提高，网络性能变差。

[LSW2]display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  
               VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9880-36b4 1           -      -      GE0/0/1         dynamic   0/-         
5489-98a8-0ea0 1           -      -      GE0/0/2         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2 

[LSW2]display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  
               VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9880-36b4 1           -      -      GE0/0/2         dynamic   0/-         
5489-98a8-0ea0 1           -      -      GE0/0/1         dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2

2.解决方法：配置STP

以下图为例

 配置LSW1

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW1
[LSW1]
Sep 14 2023 06:29:37-08:00 LSW1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[LSW1]UNDO info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[LSW1]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 0
CIST RootPortId     :0.0
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :5
TC count per hello  :0
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:2m:14s
Number of TC        :5
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/1
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][DISCARDING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Designated Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW1]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
[LSW1]display stp interface g0/0/1
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 0
CIST RootPortId     :0.0
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :5
TC count per hello  :0
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:0m:29s
Number of TC        :8
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/3
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][FORWARDING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Designated Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 pack
[LSW1]display stp interface g0/0/1 brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW1]display mac-address

对交换机LSW2采用同样的配置

具有最高优先级的交换机被选为根网桥。若优先级相等，则具有最小MAC 地址的交换机被选为根网桥。默认情况下，交换机的优先级是 32768，在这里将LSW2的优先级设置为8192

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW2
[LSW2]STP
Sep 14 2023 06:33:29-08:00 LSW2 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095. 
          ^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[LSW2]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[LSW2]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW2]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-ccd4-5efe
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 40000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-ccd4-5efe / 0
CIST RootPortId     :128.1
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :62
TC count per hello  :2
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:3m:24s
Number of TC        :6
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/1
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][DISCARDING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Root Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa / 128.3
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW2]display stp int g0/0/1
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-ccd4-5efe
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 40000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-ccd4-5efe / 0
CIST RootPortId     :128.1
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :78
TC count per hello  :2
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:3m:42s
Number of TC        :6
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/1
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][LEARNING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Root Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa / 128.3
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        ALTE  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW2]display stp int g0/0/1 brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE

[LSW2]display mac-address
#设置优先级
[LSW2]stp priority 8192

[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW2]display stp int g 0/0/1 brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

 对交换机LSW3采用同样的配置 

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname LSW3
[LSW3]
Sep 14 2023 06:36:08-08:00 LSW3 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.2
5.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the 
change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.

[LSW3]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[LSW3]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW3]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa / 0
CIST RootPortId     :128.1
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :93
TC count per hello  :2
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:2m:13s
Number of TC        :13
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/3
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][DISCARDING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Root Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 packets/hello-time
 Protection Type     :None

[LSW3]display stp int g0/0/1
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge         :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa
Config Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times        :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC      :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC   :32768.4c1f-cc75-09aa / 0
CIST RootPortId     :128.1
BPDU-Protection     :Disabled
TC or TCN received  :104
TC count per hello  :1
STP Converge Mode   :Normal 
Time since last TC  :0 days 0h:2m:26s
Number of TC        :13
Last TC occurred    :GigabitEthernet0/0/3
----[Port1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][LEARNING]----
 Port Protocol       :Enabled
 Port Role           :Root Port
 Port Priority       :128
 Port Cost(Dot1T )   :Config=auto / Active=20000
 Designated Bridge/Port   :32768.4c1f-cc15-4618 / 128.1
 Port Edged          :Config=default / Active=disabled
 Point-to-point      :Config=auto / Active=true
 Transit Limit       :147 pack
[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        ALTE  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
[LSW3]display stp int g0/0/1 brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE
[LSW3]display mac-address

[LSW3]stp priority 4096
[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  DISCARDING      NONE
[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  LEARNING        NONE
[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

[LSW3]display stp interface g0/0/1 brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

根据LSW2,LSW3都可以看到，端口状态的改变是需要时间的，具体时间可看下图： 

 

 做完LSW3的配置后，再看看LSW2,LSW1各端口状态 

[LSW2]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        ALTE  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

[LSW1]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        ALTE  DISCARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

[LSW3]display stp brief
 MSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

 可以看到LSW1和LSW2的g0/0/2端口被禁用了

对于stp端口选择的规则可以看看这篇：

  http://t.csdn.cn/ySTni

上面也可以看出stp端口角色名：

  1. Root Port（根端口）：连接到具有最低优先级的交换机的端口，该端口是距离生成树的根交换机最近的端口。

  2. Designated Port（指定端口）：对于每个网络段（LAN），STP选择一个指定端口，该端口用于发送和接收数据包，并作为该网络段连接的交换机的主要路径。

  3. Blocking Port（阻塞端口）：处于非活动状态，用于阻止环路的形成。阻塞端口不传递数据，并且不参与生成树的计算。

  4. Non-Designated Port（非指定端口）：与指定端口相反，在特定的网络段上不被选为主要路径的端口。

端口分配如下： 

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