OSPF综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验要求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

三、实验思路

1.路由规划（基于172.16.0.0/16划分）并配置内外网IP地址
2.在R3-R5-R6-R7上配置缺省指向公网R4
3.配置MGRE R3作为中心站点 R5-R6-R7作为分支站点
       （1）.查看中心站点和分支站点nhrp配置 dis nhrp peer all

4.在MGRE和内网启用OSPF协议进行宣告
        （1）.查看邻居关系 在R8-R9-R11上 dis ospf peer

        （2）.OSPF下的MGRE环境需要更改接口模式和邻居关系（DR和BDR选举）

5.查看路由表 路由不全缺少area4 和rip的路由
       （1）.将rip重发布到OSPF中

        （2）.考虑优化选择多进程双向重发布——在R9上删除area4的宣告进入OSPF进程2，将进程1和进程2互相发布到对方的OSPF进程中

6.路由优化——减少路由条目
       （1）.非骨干区域

                特殊区域：

                        area 0 R2,R1末梢 R3完全末梢

                        area 2 R11,R12nssa R6完全nssa

                        area 3 R8,R9nssa R7完全nssa

                发缺省：

                        area 4 进入R9进程2 删掉进程1 发一条缺省给R10

        （2）.骨干区域

                域间路由汇总ABR R3-R6-R7

                域外路由向内部汇总ASBR R12-R9

                注意：配置汇总后记得配空接口防环

7.更改收敛时间
8.OSPF区域认证
9.R3-R6-R7在公网接口加nat

四、实验过程

1、配置IP地址

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
 

[r4]int s4/0/0
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[r4]int s4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[r4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[r4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[r4]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
 

[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[r5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24
 

[r6]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[r6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
 

[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30

[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24

[r10]int l0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
[r10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30

[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
 

[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[r12-LoopBack0]int l1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

2、公网通

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

测试公网通

3、私网通

area 1

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
 

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
 

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
area 2

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0

[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0

[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.66.11 0.0.0.0
 

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

4、启用RIP协议进程

[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]undo summary 
[r12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

5、做重发布

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 

area 3

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3

[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.98.8 0.0.0.0

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255

[r10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-2]a 4
[r10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ne 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

6、配置MGRE环境

[r3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
Jul 27 2024 19:06:51-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 
 

[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial  4/0/0
Jul 27 2024 19:09:52-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[r6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
Jul 27 2024 19:14:08-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[r7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Jul 27 2024 19:16:39-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

7、配置路由协议

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[r5]ospf 1 r    
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
 

[r7]ospf 1 r    
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

8、更改接口类型

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type  broadcast

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type  broadcast

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type  broadcast

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type  broadcast

9、关闭5，6，7DR选举权利

[r5]int t    
[r5]int Tunnel 0/0/0

[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

到此全网已通

10、R3-R6-R7在公网接口加nat

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

11、区域间聚合

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr    
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr    
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr    
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

12、域外聚合

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

聚合后学习到的网段减少

13、区域间防环

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0

[r6]ip  route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip  route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0

14、区域外防环

[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

[r9]ip  route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0

上述只让区域0的网段减少

15、特殊区域

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]st    
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no    
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[r2]ospf
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ns    
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no    
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-import-route
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 

[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 

[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
R1测试结果极大精简

R1，R11，R8和R10 ping172.16.2.4

R10没ping通

解决方案R9给R10下发默认缺省

[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise 

结果

16、加快收敛

area 1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
area 0

[r3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 2

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
area 3

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 4

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
检查全网通

17、对area 2进行认证，保证安全

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher litong12345

[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher litong12345
 

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher litong12345

最后测试全网通