HCIP静态路由综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R6为ISP,接口IP地址均为公有地址,该设备只能配置IP地址,之后不能再对其进行任何配置;

2、R1-R5为局域网,私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24,请合理分配;

3、R1、R2、R4,各有两个环回IP地址;R5,R6各有一个环回地址;所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口;

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址;

5、选路最佳,路由表尽量小,避免环路;

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;

7、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时,实际登录到R1上;

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路,故障时通过100m链路。

三、实验思路

1、划分IP,并给相应设备配置IP地址。

分析:纵观整个网络拓扑(包括环回网段,考虑汇总),可将192.168.1.0/24划分为6个大的网段。

(1)192.168.1.0/27---骨干链路

分析:骨干链路有6条,继续将192.168.1.0/27网段,划分为6个小网段。30位的掩码。也可保证每条链路只有两个IP地址可配,节约IP地址。

192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.20/30

(2)192.168.1.32/27---R1环回

分析:考虑到环回地址,最后需要汇总,故为了汇总方便,可将192.168.1.32/27继续划分出两个连续的小网段,分别给两个环回口,同理R2/R4划分也是一样的思想。

L0:192.168.1.32/28

L1:192.168.1.48/28

(3)192.168.1.64/27---R2环回

L0:192.168.1.64/28

L1:192.168.1.80/28

(4)192.168.1.96/27---R3

(5)192.168.1.128/27---R4环回

L0:192.168.1.128/28

L1:192.168.1.144/28

(6)192.168.1.160/27---R4环回

2、配置DHCP,使R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址。

3、编写除了到达1.0.0.0/24之外,到达其他网段的静态路由。

4、配置缺省路由,实现到1.0.0.0/24互通。此时实现内网通;在R5路由器上配置nat,可用esay ip,此时实现全网通。

5、做汇总,做防环,做黑洞路由配置。

6、做备份,通过改变路由条目优先级实现。

7、测试,观察1000Mb/s链路故障时,数据能否走100Mb/s链路。

8、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时,实际登录到R1上,在R1上配置telnet服务,通过nat server发布到R5的公网接口。

四、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[r1]int g0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

Jul 21 2024 11:47:38-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

Jul 21 2024 11:48:23-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[r1-LoopBack0]int l1

[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[r2]int g0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

Jul 21 2024 11:53:13-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

Jul 21 2024 11:53:26-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[r2-LoopBack0]int l1

[r2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

Jul 21 2024 11:57:00-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

Jul 21 2024 11:57:22-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.97 27

Jul 21 2024 11:57:53-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[r4]int g0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

Jul 21 2024 11:59:46-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

Jul 21 2024 11:59:57-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

Jul 21 2024 12:00:09-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]

Jul 21 2024 12:00:22-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l0

[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[r4-LoopBack0]int l1

[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[r5]int g0/0/0

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

Jul 21 2024 12:02:11-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

Jul 21 2024 12:02:43-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0

[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

[r5-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.5 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Jul 21 2024 12:04:22-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[r6]int g0/0/0

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.6 24

Jul 21 2024 12:05:28-08:00 r6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.6 24

2、配置R3的DHCP

[r3]dhcp enable

Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.

[r3]ip pool aa

Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.

[r3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27

[r3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97

[r3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[r3]int g0/0/2

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

测试:

3、配置除了到达1.0.0.0/24之外的静态路由

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

测试:

4、配置全网通

(1)配置缺省路由,实现1.0.0.0/24互通。此时实现内网通

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.6

(2)在R5路由器上配置nat

[r5]acl 2000

[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

测试全网通

5、防环,做黑洞路由配置

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

6、做备份

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

查看路由表变化

7、测试,观察1000Mb/s链路故障时,数据能否走100Mb/s链路。

跟踪

断开接口

再次跟踪

8、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时,实际登录到R1上,在R1上配置telnet服务,通过nat server发布到R5的公网接口。

[r1]aaa

[r1-aaa]local-user litong password cipher lt12345 privilege level 15

Info: Add a new user.

[r1-aaa]local-user litong service-type telnet

[r1]user-interface vty 0 4

[r1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

[r5]int g0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins

ide 192.168.1.1 23

Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa

ilure.

Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

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