2024年8月2日（安装MySQL，以及各种操作）

一、安装并配置MySQL 

1、下载mysql软件包

[root@mysql ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2、解压

[root@mysql ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

3、检查是否具有mariadb/mysql，  有的话卸载

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

4、下载依赖包

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

5、初始化MySQL

[root@mysql ~]# mysqld --initialize --console

6、修改权限

[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

7、启动服务

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mysqld

8、查看默认密码并修改

[root@mysql ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep localhost
2024-08-02T01:49:17.019777Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: iei2zHGkdp**
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:iei2zHGkdp** 

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost'identified by '123456';

mysql> exit
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

二、数据库操作 

1、数据库对象

        1. 数据库系统 DBMS

        2. 数据库 DB

        3. 表 table

        4. 记录 record

        5. 字段 feild

1、查看数据库

2、创建数据库

mysql> create database test charset utf8;

3、删除数据库

mysql> drop database test;

 三、表的操作

1、选择库

mysql> create database test charset utf8;

mysql> use test;
Database changed

2、查看表

mysql> show tables;

3、创建表

mysql> create table `test`.`user`(
    -> `id` int not null auto_increment,
    -> `username` varchar(45) not null,
    -> `password` varchar(45) not null,
    -> primary key (`id`));

4、删除表

mysql> delete from user;

5、新增列

mysql> ALTER TABLE `test`.`user`  ADD COLUMN `realname` VARCHAR(45) NULL AFTER `password`;

6、修改列名

mysql> ALTER TABLE `test`.`user`    CHANGE COLUMN `realname` `zsxm` VARCHAR(45) NULL DEFAULT NULL ;

7、删除列

mysql> ALTER TABLE `test`.`user`  

 -> DROP COLUMN `zsxm`; 

其他

四、记录的操作

1、新增

#insert into 表名 (字段名列表) values (字段值列表)

mysql> select * from user;

mysql> insert into user (id,username,password) values (3,'zhangsan','zhangsan');

2、删除

delte from user where 条件;

mysql> delete from user where username='zhangsan';

3、修改

mysql> insert into user values (1,'zhangsan','zhangsan');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into user values (2,'lisi','lisi');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into user values (3,'wangwu','wangwu');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)