day10-字符串作业2

1. 编写一个程序，交换指定字典的key和value。

     例如:dict1={'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}  -->  dict1={1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}  
   

   dict1={'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
   for i in dict1:
       a = dict1.pop(i)
       dict1[a] = i
   print(dict1)
   

2. 编写一个程序，提取指定字符串中所有的字母，然后拼接在一起产生一个新的字符串

      例如: 传入'12a&bc12d-+'   -->  'abcd'  
   

   str1 = '12a&bc12d-+'
   s = ''
   for i in str1:
       if 'A' <= i <= 'z':
           s += i
   print(s)
   

3. 写一个自己的capitalize函数，能够将指定字符串的首字母变成大写字母

     例如: 'abc' -> 'Abc'   '12asd'  --> '12asd'
   

   str1 = 'abc'
   for i in str1:
       if not 'a' <= i <= 'z':
           continue
       elif 'a' <= i <= 'z':
           s = str1.replace(i,i.upper())
           break
   print(s)   
   

4. 写程序实现endswith的功能，判断一个字符串是否已指定的字符串结束

      例如: 字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab' 函数结果为: True
           字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab1' 函数结果为: False
   

   str1 = 'abc231ab'
   str2 = 'ab1'
   print(str2 == str1[-len(str2):])
   

5. 写程序实现isdigit的功能，判断一个字符串是否是纯数字字符串

      例如: '1234921'  结果: True
            '23函数'   结果: False
            'a2390'    结果: False
   

   str='1234921'
   for i in str:
       if not '0' <= i <='9':
           print(False)
           break
   else:
       print(True)   
   

6. 写程序实现upper的功能，将一个字符串中所有的小写字母变成大写字母

       例如: 'abH23好rp1'   结果: 'ABH23好RP1'   
   

   str1 = 'abH23好rp1'
   str2 = ''
   for i in str1:
       if 'a' <= i <= 'z':
           str2 += chr(ord(x) - 32)
       else:
           str2 += x
   print(str2)
   

7. 写程序获取指定序列中元素的最大值。如果序列是字典，取字典值的最大值

      例如: 序列:[-7, -12, -1, -9]    结果: -1   
           序列:'abcdpzasdz'    结果: 'z'  
           序列:{'小明':90, '张三': 76, '路飞':30, '小花': 98}   结果: 98
   

   str1 = [-7, -12, -1, -9]
   print(type(str1))
   if type(str1) == str:
       print(max(str1))
   elif type(str1) == list:
       max = str1[0]
       for i in range(len(str1)):
           if str1[i] > max:
               max = str1[i]
       print(max)
   elif type(str1) == dict:
       for key in str1:
           max = 0
           if str1[key] >max:
               max = str1[key]
       print(max)
   

8. 写程序实现replace函数的功能，将指定字符串中指定的旧字符串转换成指定的新字符串

       例如: 原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   旧字符串: 'you'  新字符串:'me'  结果: 'how are me? and me?'
   

   str1 = input('请输入原字符串：')
   str2 = input('请输入旧字符串：')
   str3 = input('请输入新字符串：')
   lenth = len(str2)
   str4 = ''
   i = 0
   while i < len(str1):
       if str2 in str1 and str1[i:i+lenth] == str2:
           str4 += str3
           i += lenth
       else:
           str4 += str1[i]
           i += 1
   print(str4)
   
   str1 = 'how are you? and you?'
   old = 'you'
   new = 'me'
   
   # 方法1：
   print(new.join(str1.split(old)))      # ['how are ', '? and ', '?']    how are me? and me?
   
   # 方法2：
   new_str = ''
   index = 0
   len1 = len(str1)
   len2 = len(old)
   while True:
      if str1[index:index + len2] == old:
          new_str += new
          index += len2
      else:
          new_str += str1[index]
          index += 1
   
      if index > len1 - 1:
          break
   print(new_str)
   

9. 写程序实现split的功能，将字符串中指定子串作为切割点对字符串进行切割

   例如：原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   切割点: 'you'  结果: ['how are ', '? and ', '?']
   

   str1 = input('请输入原字符串：')
   str2 = input('请输入切割点：')
   lenth = len(str2)
   str3 = ''
   list1 = []
   i =  0
   while True:
       if str2 in str1 and str1[i:i+lenth] == str2:
           list1.append(str3)
           str3 = ''
           i += lenth
       else:
           str3 += str1[i]
           i += 1
       if i == len(str1):
           list1.append(str3)
           break
   print(list1)
   # 方法二：
   str1 = 'how are you? and you?you kl'
   str2 = 'you'
   len1 = len(str1)
   len2 = len(str2)
   index = 0
   new_str = ''
   result = []
   while True:
       if str1[index: index+len2] != str2:
           new_str += str1[index]
           index += 1
       else:
           result.append(new_str)
           new_str = ''
           index += len2
   
       if index > len1 - 1:
           break
   
   result.append(new_str)
   print(result)
   

10. 用思维导图（xmind）总结四大容器：列表、字典、元组、集合