drf 请求与响应 编码
文章目录
1、drf之请求与响应
1.1、Request和Response类
继承APIView后,请求对象:requets 每一次请求都是一个新的request
request 类,属性或方法
data: POST、PUT、PATCH请求方式解析后的数据
原生djagno,put提交的数据在request.POST中是取不到的
query_params
其他的用起来跟之前一样用(FILES,method,path…)—>d底层原理 getattr
1.2、Response类
属性方法
data=None
字典,列表 序列化成json格式字符串,返回给前端(放在http响应的body中了)
status=None
http 响应的状态码,默认是200,201
headers=None
http的响应头,字典 {name:admin}
原生django要在响应头中加数据
#原生django要在响应头中加数据
res=JsonResponse(d)
res['rrr'] = 'yyyy'
return res
template_name=None
在浏览器中看到好看的页面,指定的模板
content_type=None
响应的编码格式(json)
1.2、drf 能够解析的请求编码,响应编码
1.2.1、请求 编码
默认能解析的编码
urlencoded
form-data
json
其实 是在drf内置的配置文件中提前配好了
drf也是有两套,一套是项目中配置settings.py
,一套是默认配置
drf的配置文件settings.py中有 DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES(默认的解析类)
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 可以解析json格式
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 可以解析urlencoded格式
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser' 可以解析form-data格式
只接受json格式
方式一:全局配置>>>项目配置>>>文件以后所有接口都遵循这个配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
# 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
# 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser',
],
}
方式二:去不配置
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser]
总结:
解析类的使用顺序:优先用视图类自己的,然后用项目配置文件,最后用内置的
实际项目如何配置
基本上都运行JSONParser,FormParser
如果上传文件只允许MultiPartParser
1.2.2、响应编码
默认情况下,响应的编码是根据客户端类型决定的
全局配置 在项目的配置文件
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json格式
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', #浏览器的格式
]
}
局部配置
class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,]
2、drf视图组件
由于drf提供了一个顶层的视图类APIView,咱们可以通过继承APIView写视图类
后期咱们要写的代码可能重复代码比较多,就可以使用面向对象的继承,封装
3、2个视图基类
APIView与APView
3.1、GenericAPIView
GenericAPIView–>继承了APIView
类属性:
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
方法:
self.get_object() # 根据pk获取单个数据
self.get_serializer # 获取要使用的序列化类
self.get_queryset() # 获取所有要序列化数据
3.2、基于APIView写5个接口
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
book_list = User.objects.all()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
ser = UserSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': "新增成功"}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
class UserDetailView(APIView):
def get(self, request, pk):
book = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=book)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
book = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': "修改成功"}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
def delete(self, request, pk):
User.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
3.3 基于GenericAPIView写5个接口
from app01.serializer import *
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class Book(GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self, request, pk):
book_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
book_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 102, 'msg': ser.errors})
def delete(self,request,pk):
self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
扩展
1 使用GenericAPIView写出book的5个接口
class Books(GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self, request):
book_obj = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功'}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
class Book(GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self, request, pk):
book_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
book_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 102, 'msg': ser.errors})
def delete(self,request,pk):
self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
2 使用面向对象,写5个父类, 继承GenericAPIView+某几个父类后,就有某几个接口
# 读所有
class GenericGets():
def get_gets(self, request):
table_obj = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=table_obj, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
# 写入
class GenericPost():
def post(self, request):
ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '新增成功'}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
# # 修改
class GenericPut():
def put(self, request, pk):
table_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=table_obj, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 102, 'msg': ser.errors})
# 读单条
class GenericGetOne():
def get_one(self, request,pk):
table_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=table_obj)
return Response(ser.data)
#删除
class GenericDelete():
def delete(self, request,pk):
self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
#视图类
class Books(GenericAPIView,GenericGets,GenericPost):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self,request):
return super().get_gets(request)
def post(self,request):
return super().post(request)
class Book(GenericAPIView,GenericGetOne,GenericPut,GenericDelete):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self,request,pk):
return super().get_one(request,pk)
def put(self,request,pk):
return super().put(request,pk)
def delete(self,request,pk):
return super().delete(request,pk)
3 9个视图子类
class Generic_1(GenericGets,GenericPost):
pass
class Generic_2(GenericGetOne,GenericPut):
pass
class Generic_3(GenericGetOne,GenericDelete):
pass
class Generic_4(GenericPut,GenericDelete,):
pass
class Generic_5(GenericGetOne,GenericPut,GenericDelete):
pass
class Generic_6(GenericPost):
pass
class Generic_7(GenericPut):
pass
class Generic_8(GenericGetOne):
pass
class Generic_9(GenericDelete):
pass
class Generic_10(GenericGets):
pass
4 两个视图类 合二为一(99.99%)
class GenericGet():
def get(self,request,pk=None):
if pk:
table_obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=table_obj)
return Response(ser.data)
table_obj = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=table_obj, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
class Generic_Allo(GenericGet,GenericPost,GenericPut,GenericDelete,GenericAPIView):
pass
class BookView(Generic_Allo):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSer
def get(self,request,pk=None):
return super(BookView, self).get(request,pk)
def post(self, request):
return super().post(request)
def put(self, request, pk):
return super().put(request,pk)
def delete(self, request,pk):
return super().delete(request,pk)