ansible使用临时命令通过模块来执行任务
文章目录
使用临时命令通过模块来执行任务
一、查看系统上安装的所有模块
ansible-doc -l
查看ping模块帮助文档
ansible-doc ping
1、ansible模块
文件模块：
copy：将本地文件复制到受控主机
file：设置文件的权限和其他属性
lineinfile：确保特定行是否在文件中，也就是说修改文件内容
synchronize：使用rsync同步内容
软件包模块
package：使用操作系统本机的自动检测软件包管理器管理软件包
yum：使用yum软件包管理器管理软件包
apt：使用apt软件包管理器管理软件包
dnf：使用dnf软件包管理器管理软件包
pip：从PyPI管理Python软件包
系统模块
firewalld：使用firewalld管理任意端口和服务
reboot：重新启动计算机
service：管理服务
user：添加、删除和管理用户账户
Net Tools模块
get_url：通过http、https或者ftp下载文件
nmcli：管理网络
uri：与WEB服务交互
语法：
ansible bgx -m command -a ‘df -h’
命令 主机名称 指定模块 模块名称 模块动作 具体命令
执行的状态返回信息：
绿色：执行成功并且不需要做改变的动作
黄色：执行成功并且对目标主机做变更
红色：执行失败
常用模块
案例1：user
临时命令使用user模块来确保newbie用户存在于node1.example.com上，并且其UID为4000
[galaxy@server ~]$ ansible server1 -m user -a 'name=newbie uid=4000 state=present'
创建用户并指定密码，如果该用户存在，仍然修改密码
[galaxy@server ~]$ openssl passwd -1 linux
$1$bChlQ4jX$97x50MlATs0PA6UsObqN1.
[galaxy@server ~]$ ansible all -m user -a 'name=chenyu state=present password="$1$bChlQ4jX$97x50MlATs0PA6UsObqN1." update_password=always'
创建用户并指定密码，但是如果改用户存在，则不修改密码
[galaxy@server ~]$ openssl passwd -1 redhat
$1$zcVeWQiB$dIsAdkcv91mTjrCaayN3F/
[galaxy@server ~]$ ansible all -m user -a 'name=chenyu12 state=present password="$1$zcVeWQiB$dIsAdkcv91mTjrCaayN3F/" update_password=on_create'
案例2：shell
临时命令使用shell模块来删除node1.example.com节点中的用户newbie
ansible server1 -m shell -a ‘userdel -r newbie’
案例3：copy
ansible webserver -m copy -a ‘src=/etc/fstab dest=/var/tmp/fstab’
ansible webserver -m copy -a ‘src=/etc/fstab dest=/var/tmp/fstab group=laj owner=laj’
案例4：template模块—template模块用法和copy模块用法基本一致，它主要用于复制配置文件
ansible all -m template -a 'src=/usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd-vhosts.conf group=root owner=root mode=0644
案例5：file
修改文件的权限属性和context值
ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/var/tmp/fstab mode=g+w mode=o+w group=galaxy owner=galaxy setype=samba_share_t'
mode：设置权限可以是mode=g+w 也可以是mode=666
group：设置文件的所属组
owner：设置文件的所有者
setype：修改文件的context值
新建文件
ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/var/tmp/www state=touch'
新建目录
ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/var/tmp/test state=directory'
删除文件或者目录
ansible webserver -m file -a 'path=/var/tmp/abc state=absent'
创建软链接
ansible webserver -m file -a 'dest=/var/tmp/chenyu src=/var/tmp/bbb state=link'
创建硬链接
ansible webserver -m file -a 'dest=/var/tmp/renweiwei1 src=/var/tmp/aaa state=hard'
案例6：lineinfile
把abc开头的一行换成 qqq
ansible webserver -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/rw regexp=abc line=qqq'
在某一行前面插入一行新数据—insertbefore
ansible webserver -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/rw insertbefore="aa(.*)" line=chenyu'
在某一行后面插入一行新数据—insertafter
ansible webserver -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/rww insertafter="aaaa(.*)" line=bbbb'
删除某一行
ansible webserver -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/rww regexp="aaa(.*)" state=absent'
案例7：yum_repository模块-----配置yum仓库
state：present、installed、latest安装
absent、removed卸载
ansible all -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=installed' ----------------安装
ansible all -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=removed' ----------------卸载
案例9：service模块
重启httpd服务并设置下次启动生效
ansible all -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
案例10：fetch—拉取文件模块
和copy工作方式类似，只不过是从远程主机将文件拉取到本地端，存储时使用主机名作为目录树，且只能拉取文件，不能拉取目录
将远程主机的/etc/fstab文件拉取到本地来，存储的名字为/tmp/node1(node2)/etc/fstab
ansible all -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp'
将某台远程主机的/etc/fstab文件拉取到本地来，存储的名字为/tmp/fstab
ansible node1 -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp/ flat=yes'
将远程主机的/etc/fstab文件拉取到本地来，存储的名字为/tmp/fstab-node1(node2)
ansible all -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp/fstab-{{inventory_hostname}} flat=yes'
案例11：firewalld模块
允许http流量的传入
ansible all -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled immediate=yes'
富规则 允许172.16.30.0/24主机http流量的传入
ansible all -m firewalld -a ‘zone=public rich_rule="rule family=ipv4 source address=172.16.30.0/24 service name=http accept" permanent=yes state=enabled immediate=yes'
案例12：replace模块
replace模块可以根据我们指定的正则表达式替换文件中的字符串，文件中所有被匹配的字符串都会被替换
参数：
path参数：2.3版本之前只能用dest、destfile、name指定操作文件，2.4版本中仍然可以用这些参数名，也可以用path
regexp参数：必须参数，指定一个python正则表达式，文件中与正则匹配的字符串将会被替换
replace参数：指定最终要替换成的字符串
backup参数：是否在修改文件之前对文件进行备份，最好设置为yes。
将/tmp/cy文件中的“abc”替换成“yyy”
ansible all -m replace -a 'path=/tmp/cy regexp="abc" replace="yyy"'
将/tmp/cy文件中的“yyy”替换成“iii”，且把替换前的/tmp/cy文件备份
ansible all -m replace -a 'path=/tmp/cy regexp="yyy" replace="iii" backup=yes'
案例13：parted模块
新建扩展分区
ansible node1 -m parted -a 'device=/dev/sda number=4 part_type=extended part_start=46GiB part_end=49.8GiB state=present'
新建逻辑分区ansible node1 -m parted -a 'device=/dev/sda number=5 part_type=logical part_start=46.1GiB part_end=48.2GiB state=present'
案例14：filesystem—文件系统
ansible node1 -m filesystem -a 'fstype=xfs dev=/dev/sda5'
案例15：mount—挂载
新建挂载点/common
ansible node1 -m file -a 'path=/common state=directory'
查看/dev/sda5的UUID
ansible node1 -m shell -a 'blkid /dev/sda5'
将分区/dev/sda5挂载到/common目录
ansible node1 -m mount -a 'path=/common src="UUID=d162b8b9-2326-4ee4-a559-80861461c4f0" fstype=xfs state=mounted'
卸载
ansible node1 -m mount -a 'path=/common src="UUID=d162b8b9-2326-4ee4-a559-80861461c4f0" fstype=xfs state=absent'
案例16：lvg—新建卷组
ansible node1 -m lvg -a 'vg=vg0 pesize=16M pvs=/dev/sda5'
案例17：lvol—新建逻辑卷
ansible node1 -m lvol -a 'lv=lv0 size=1000M vg=vg0'
在线扩容逻辑卷
ansible node1 -m lvol -a 'lv=lv0 size=1600M vg=vg0 resizefs=yes'
案例18：sefcontext—修改context值
ansible node1 -m file -a 'path=/share state=directory'
修改context值
ansible node1 -m sefcontext -a 'target="/share(/.*)?" setype=samba_share_t state=present'
应用新的selinux 文件的context值
ansible node1 -m command -a 'restorecon -irv /share'
案例19：debug
用户输出自定义的信息，类似于echo、print等输出命令。ansible中的debug主要用于输出变量值、表达式值，以及用于when条件判断时。使用方式非常简单
案例20：cron—计划任务模块
ansible node1 -m cron -a 'name="shuchu" job="/bin/echo I AM RHCE" user=root minute=0 hour=14 state=present'
案例21：get_url
语法：ansible node1 -m get_url -a 'url=需要下载的文件 dest=存放的位置'
作业：
使用所学的模块撰写ansible临时命令（ad-hoc模式）
一、部署web服务器
1、部署yum仓库
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m yum_repository -a 'file=ansible name=liu description=liu1 baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS enabled=yes gpgcheck=no'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "liu",
"state": "present"
}
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m yum_repository -a 'file=ansible name=laj description=laj1 baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream enabled=yes gpgcheck=no'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "laj",
"state": "present"
}
[student@ansible ansible]$
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# ls
ansible.repo redhat.repo
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]# cat ansible.repo
[liu]
baseurl = file:///mnt/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
name = liu1
[laj]
baseurl = file:///mnt/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
name = laj1
[root@node1 yum.repos.d]#
安装httpd
挂载光盘
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m mount -a 'src=/dev/cdrom path=/mnt fstype=iso9660 state=mounted'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dump": "0",
"fstab": "/etc/fstab",
"fstype": "iso9660",
"name": "/mnt",
"opts": "defaults",
"passno": "0",
"src": "/dev/cdrom"
}
安装httpd
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=present'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64",
"Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module+el8.2.0+4377+dc421495.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: redhat-logos-httpd-81.1-1.el8.noarch",
"Installed: apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.noarch"
]
}
重启httpd服务并设置下次启动生效
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"enabled": true,
"name": "httpd",
"state": "started",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveState": "inactive",
"After": "systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service systemd-journald.socket system.slice tmp.mount sysinit.target -.mount remote-fs.target network.target nss-lookup.target httpd-init.service basic.target",
"AllowIsolate": "no",
"AllowedCPUs": "",
"AllowedMemoryNodes": "",
"AmbientCapabilities": "",
"AssertResult": "no",
"AssertTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"Before": "shutdown.target",
"BlockIOAccounting": "no",
"BlockIOWeight": "[not set]",
"CPUAccounting": "no",
"CPUAffinity": "",
"CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity",
"CPUSchedulingPolicy": "0",
"CPUSchedulingPriority": "0",
"CPUSchedulingResetOnFork": "no",
"CPUShares": "[not set]",
"CPUUsageNSec": "[not set]",
"CPUWeight": "[not set]",
"CacheDirectoryMode": "0755",
"CanIsolate": "no",
"CanReload": "yes",
"CanStart": "yes",
"CanStop": "yes",
"CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend",
"CollectMode": "inactive",
"ConditionResult": "no",
"ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ConfigurationDirect
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor prese>
Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-10-24 21:46:42 CST; 57s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 33518 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 11160)
Memory: 21.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─33518 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─33519 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─33520 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─33521 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─33522 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Oct 24 21:46:42 node1.example.com systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Oct 24 21:46:42 node1.example.com systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Oct 24 21:46:42 node1.example.com httpd[33518]: Server configured, listening on>
[root@node1 ~]#
3、讲/var/www/html目录做一个软链接，到/www
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m file -a 'src=/var/www/html/ dest=/www state=link'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/www",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:root_t:s0",
"size": 14,
"src": "/var/www/html/",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
[student@ansible ansible]$
[root@node1 ~]# ll -d /www
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Oct 24 21:49 /www -> /var/www/html/
[root@node1 ~]#
4、在/www中新建index.html，内容为my name is chenyu（chenyu为你们自己名字的全拼）
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m shell -a 'echo "my name is laj" > /www/index.html'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[student@ansible ansible]$
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m shell -a 'cat /www/index.html'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
my name is laj
[student@ansible ansible]$
5、实现在ansible中能够使用http://node1访问到该网页内容
[student@ansible ansible]$ ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled immediate=yes'
node1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed service http to enabled"
}
[student@ansible ansible]$ curl http://node1
my name is laj
[student@ansible ansible]$
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