第十九章 观察者模式

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前言

普通方式解决问题

CurrentConditions 显示当前天气情况

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer;

/**
 * 显示当前天气情况（可以理解成是气象站自己的网站）
 */
public class CurrentConditions {

    // 温度，气压，湿度
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    //更新 天气情况，是由 WeatherData 来调用，我使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }
    //显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today mPressure: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}

WeatherData 管理第三方

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer;

/**
 * 类是核心
 * 1. 包含最新的天气情况信息
 * 2. 含有 CurrentConditions 对象
 * 3. 当数据有更新时，就主动的调用 CurrentConditions 对象 update 方法(含 display), 这样他们（接入方）就看
 * 到最新的信息
 */
public class WeatherData {

    private float temperatrue;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    private CurrentConditions currentConditions;

    //加入新的第三方
    public WeatherData(CurrentConditions currentConditions) {
        this.currentConditions = currentConditions;
    }

    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperatrue;
    }

    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure;
    }

    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity;
    }

    public void dataChange() {
        //调用 接入方的 update
        currentConditions.update(getTemperature(), getPressure(), getHumidity());
    }

    //当数据有更新时，就调用 setData
    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperatrue = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        //调用 dataChange， 将最新的信息 推送给 接入方 currentConditions
        dataChange();
    }

}

Clint 测试

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer;

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建接入方 currentConditions
        CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();
        //创建 WeatherData 并将 接入方 currentConditions 传递到 WeatherData 中
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(currentConditions);
        //更新天气情况
        weatherData.setData(30, 150, 40);
        //天气情况变化
        System.out.println("============天气情况变化=============");
        weatherData.setData(40, 160, 20);
    }
}


输出

***Today mTemperature: 30.0***
***Today mPressure: 150.0***
***Today mHumidity: 40.0***
============天气情况变化=============
***Today mTemperature: 40.0***
***Today mPressure: 160.0***
***Today mHumidity: 20.0***

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一、观察者模式(Observer)原理

完整代码

Subject

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;

public interface Subject {

    public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    public void removeObserver(Observer o);
    public void notifyObservers();
}

Observer

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;

//观察者接口，有观察者来实现
public interface Observer {

    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity);
}

WeatherData implements Subject

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    private float temperatrue;
    private float pressure;


    private float humidity;
    //观察者集合
    private ArrayList<Observer> observers;

    //加入新的第三方
    public WeatherData() {
        observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
    }

    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperatrue;
    }

    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure;
    }

    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity;
    }

    public void dataChange() {
        //调用 接入方的 update
        notifyObservers();
    }

    //当数据有更新时，就调用 setData
    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperatrue = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
         //调用 dataChange， 将最新的信息 推送给 接入方 currentConditions
        dataChange();
    }

    //注册一个观察者
    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {

        observers.add(o);
    }

    //移除一个观察者
    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {

        if (observers.contains(o)) {
            observers.remove(o);
        }
    }

    //遍历所有的观察者，并通知
    @Override
    public void notifyObservers() {

        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            observers.get(i).update(this.temperatrue, this.pressure, this.humidity);
        }
    }

}

CurrentConditions implements Observer

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {
    // 温度，气压，湿度
    private float temperature;

    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;

    // 更新 天气情况，是由 WeatherData 来调用，我使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    // 显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today mPressure: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}

BaiduSite implements Observer

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;

public class BaiduSite implements Observer {

    // 温度，气压，湿度
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;

    // 更新 天气情况，是由 WeatherData 来调用，我使用推送模式
    public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    // 显示
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("===百度网站====");
        System.out.println("***百度网站 气温 : " + temperature + "***");
        System.out.println("***百度网站 气压: " + pressure + "***");
        System.out.println("***百度网站 湿度: " + humidity + "***");
    }
}

Clint

package tanchishell.SJMS.observer2;



public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

         //创建一个 WeatherData
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
        //创建观察者
        CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();

        BaiduSite baiduSite = new BaiduSite();
        //注册到 weatherData
        weatherData.registerObserver(currentConditions);
        weatherData.registerObserver(baiduSite);
        //测试
        System.out.println("通知各个注册的观察者, 看看信息");
        weatherData.setData(10f, 100f, 30.3f);
        weatherData.removeObserver(currentConditions);
        //测试
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("通知各个注册的观察者, 看看信息");
        weatherData.setData(10f, 100f, 30.3f);
    }
}


输出
通知各个注册的观察者, 看看信息
***Today mTemperature: 10.0***
***Today mPressure: 100.0***
***Today mHumidity: 30.3***
===百度网站====
***百度网站 气温 : 10.0***
***百度网站 气压: 100.0***
***百度网站 湿度: 30.3***

通知各个注册的观察者, 看看信息
===百度网站====
***百度网站 气温 : 10.0***
***百度网站 气压: 100.0***
***百度网站 湿度: 30.3***