Linux系统之LNMP架构的部署

Maiabo

于 2024-04-30 10:35:36 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维 nginx mysql php

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73725203/article/details/138337874

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1.安装nginx

安装nginx，常见的nginx的部署方式有2种
1、yum安装
  yum -y install epel-release nginx

2、源码编译安装

1.1部署需要的依赖包

yum -y install make  cmake gcc gcc-c++ flex bison file libtool libtool-libs autoconf kernel-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel gd freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libevent ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel gettext gettext-devel ncurses-devel gmp-devel unzip libcap lsof  epel-release  autoconf automake pcre-devel libxml2-devel

1.2下载PCRE(https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/)

[root@lnmp ~]# tar zxvf pcre-8.41.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
pcre-8.41/
pcre-8.41/pcre_scanner.h

1.3创建nginx运行用户

[root@lnmp ~]#useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

1.4解压nginx到/usr/local/src目录下（1.18版本）

[root@lnmp ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/   
[root@lnmp ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@lnmp src]# ls
nginx-1.18.0  pcre-8.41
[root@lnmp src]# cd nginx-1.18.0/

1.5检查配置参数和系统安装环境

[root@lnmp nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_gunzip_modul --with-http_sub_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.41 --user=nginx --group=nginx

1.6编译安装

[root@lnmp nginx-1.18.0]# make -j 8 && make -j 8 install

1.7启动nginx

启动方式

1）直接在sbin目录下./nginx执行启动

2）通过systemd服务托管启动（默认yum安装会自动生成）
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

方法一

[root@lnmp sbin]# ./nginx       #启动服务
[root@lnmp sbin]# netstat -antup |grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19880/nginx: master

方法二

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target



[root@lnmp nginx-1.18.0]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@lnmp nginx-1.18.0]# systemctl start nginx

1.8nginx常见的管理参数

-s参数控制管理nginx服务
-V参数查看nginx开启的模块和编译参数
-t参数检测配置文件是否有错误

2安装mysql

1.下载源码包

http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz

http://liquidtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

2.安装依赖包

[root@lamp ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ bison ncurses ncurses-devel

3.添加mysql用户

[root@lamp ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@lamp ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql

4.创建安装

[root@lamp ~]# mkdir  -p /var/lib/mysql/
[root@lamp ~]# mkdir  -p /var/lib/mysql/data

5.解压包

[root@lamp ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@lamp ~]# cd  /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19
[root@lamp ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost
[root@lamp ~]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost
[root@lamp mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/var/lib/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost/boost_1_59_0

6.编译

[root@lamp mysql-boost-5.7.19]# make -j 8

7.编译安装

[root@lamp mysql-boost-5.7.19]# make -j 8 install

8.修改目录权限

[root@lamp ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@lamp ~]# mkdir /var/run/mysqld
[root@lamp ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld -R

9.生成配置文件

[root@lamp ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

自行创建my.cnf配置文件

[root@lamp ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]

basedir=/var/lib/mysql

datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data

port=3306

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0

character-set-server=utf8

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[mysql]

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[client]

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

10.添加path路径环境变量

#添加下面2行 在文件的结尾
vim /etc/profile  

export MYSQL_HOME=/var/lib/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

#使修改生效
source /etc/profile

11.生成服务启动脚本

[root@lamp ~]#  cp /var/lib/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lamp ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

12.初始化数据库

12.1先删除数据库库目录下的文件，并创建日志

[root@lamp ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/data/*
[root@lamp ~]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@lamp ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

12.2开始初始化数据库

[root@lamp ~]#/var/lib/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/var/lib/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data --port=3306

12.3启动服务

[root@lamp ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

13.修改密码

[root@lamp ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456"

 [root@lamp ~]mysql -uroot -p123456
 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"10.0.0.%" identified by '123456';
 mysql> flush privileges;

3.安装PHP

3.1解压安装包

[root@lnmp ~]# tar zxvf php-7.1.10.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/src/

3.2检查配置环境

[root@lnmp php-7.1.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc/ --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-soap --enable-mbstring=all --enable-sockets --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd --without-pear --enable-fpm

3.3编译安装

[root@lnmp php-7.1.10]# make -j 8 && make -j 8 install

安装后默认的生成文件

[root@lnmp php]# pwd
/usr/local/php
[root@lnmp php]# ls
bin  etc  include  lib  php  sbin  var

目录名	作用
bin	php相关命令目录，php,phpize,php-config在源码编译扩展时使用
etc	php的配置文件目录
include	php默认类库
lib	php第三方扩展类库
php	php的man手册
sbin	php-fpm执行文件
var	log日志目录，run的运行目录，保存pid文件

3.4生成配置文件

[root@lnmp php-7.1.10]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
[root@lnmp php-7.1.10]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@lnmp php-7.1.10]# ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

5.配置Nginx连接PHP（重点）

5.1 nginx连接 php需要启动 php-fpm服务

[root@lnmp ~]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@lnmp etc]# cp -a php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf   #生成 php-fpm的配置文件，并修改指定参数

5.2 修改php-fpm的配置文件

[root@lnmp etc]# vim php-fpm.conf

修改指定条目的参数：

pid = run/php-fpm.pid

[root@lnmp etc]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/

[root@lnmp etc]# cp -a www.conf.default www.conf

[root@lnmp etc]# vim www.conf

修改用户和组的指定用户

user = nginx

group = nginx

5.3 创建nginx和php的服务器启动脚本

[root@lnmp ~]# vim nginx_php.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Author：wcfeng
#chkconfig: 2345 88 35
#description: nginx server control tools
ngxc="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
pidf="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
ngxc_fpm="/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm"
pidf_fpm="/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$ngxc -t &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
$ngxc
$ngxc_fpm
echo "nginx service start success!"
else
$ngxc -t
fi
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $pidf)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $pidf_fpm)
echo "nginx service stop success!"
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
$ngxc -t &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
kill -s HUP $(cat $pidf)
kill -s HUP $(cat $pidf_fpm)
echo "reload nginx config success!"
else
$ngxc -t
fi
;;
*)
echo "please input stop|start|restart|reload."
exit 1
esac


[root@lnmp ~]# chmod a+x nginx_php.sh 
[root@lnmp ~]# cp nginx_php.sh /etc/init.d/nginx_php

5.4启动nginx和php

[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx_php start
nginx service start success!
[root@lnmp ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root       3081      1  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx      3083   3081  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      3085   3084  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      3086   3084  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root       3088   1413  0 17:28 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@lnmp ~]# ps -ef |grep php
root       3084      1  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx      3085   3084  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx      3086   3084  0 17:28 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root       3090   1413  0 17:28 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto php

5.5 修改Nginx的配置文件，使其识别.php后缀的文件

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
取消下列行的注释，并修改 include选项的后缀为  fastcgi.conf，并注意每一行结尾的分号和大括号
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi.conf;
        }

5.6重启服务

[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx_php start
nginx service start success!
[root@lnmp ~]#

5.7 添加测试页

[root@lnmp html]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@lnmp html]# cat index.php 
<?php
   phpinfo();

?>
[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx_php stop &&  /etc/init.d/nginx_php start