目录
1.理解分页思想
通用分页的核心思想可以总结为以下几个关键步骤:
确定每页显示的数据量:根据应用的需求,确定每页需要显示的数据量,例如每页显示10条数据。
计算总页数:根据数据总量和每页显示的数据量,计算出总页数。公式为:总页数 = 总数据量 / 每页显示的数据量。
用户界面呈现:在用户界面上显示分页控件,通常包括页码导航和上一页/下一页按钮等,以方便用户切换和导航不同的页面。
查询数据:根据用户选择的页面或页码,从数据源中查询相应页面的数据,通常使用相应的查询语句或API进行数据检索。
数据展示:将查询到的数据展示在用户界面上,以供用户浏览和交互。
也就是说,相较于上一次请求,只是页码改变了,其他查询条件并不变。
2.优化pagebean
优化pageBean的原因:
分页有很多东西不用改变,但是其中有一个参数要变,那就是page(页数),所以优化pageBean。即通用分页的核心思想。
优化前:
package com.Kissship.util;
/**
* 分页工具类
*
*/
public class PageBean {
private int page = 1;// 页码
private int rows = 10;// 页大小
private int total = 0;// 总记录数
private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
public PageBean() {
super();
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return pagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
this.pagination = pagination;
}
/**
* 获得起始记录的下标
*
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination + "]";
}
}
优化后:
package com.Kissship.util;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.Kissship.util.StringUtils;
/**
* 分页工具类
*
*/
public class PageBean {
private int page = 1;// 页码
private int rows = 10;// 页大小
private int total = 0;// 总记录数
private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
// 增加一个url,保留上一次发送的请求地址
// 增加一个属性paramMap,保留上一次发送的请求携带的参数
// req.getParameterMap();
// 增加一个最大页的方法
// 增加一个下一页的方法
// 增加一个上一页的方法
// 初始化pagebean的方法
public int maxPage() {//最大页
return this.total % this.rows == 0 ?
this.total / this.rows :
this.total / this.rows + 1;
}
public int nextPage() {//下一页
return this.page < this.maxPage() ?
this.page + 1 : this.page;
}
public int prevPage() {//上一页
return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : this.page;
}
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
//初始化默认查询第几页的数据
this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
this.setPagination(req.getParameter("pagination"));
//保留上一次的URL
this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
//保留携带的参数
this.setParamMap(req.getParameterMap());
}
public void setPagination(String pagination) {
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(pagination))
this.setPagination(!"false".equals(pagination));
}
public void setRows(String rows) {
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(rows))
this.setRows(Integer.valueOf(rows));
}
public void setPage(String page) {
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(page))
this.setPage(Integer.valueOf(page));
}
private String url;
private Map<String, String[]> ParamMap;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public Map<String, String[]> getParamMap() {
return ParamMap;
}
public void setParamMap(Map<String, String[]> paramMap) {
ParamMap = paramMap;
}
public PageBean() {
super();
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return pagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
this.pagination = pagination;
}
/**
* 获得起始记录的下标
*
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination + "]";
}
}
接下来我们新建一个BookServlet:
package com.Kissship.Servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.Kissship.dao.BookDao;
import com.Kissship.entity.Book;
import com.Kissship.util.PageBean;
/**
* Servlet implementation class BookServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/book.action")
public class BookServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// String bname = request.getParameter("bname");
// //map包含了浏览器传递到后台的所有参数键值对
// Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
// //浏览器请求的地址
// String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
pageBean.setRequest(req);
BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
Book book = new Book();
book.setBname(req.getParameter("bname"));
try {
List<Book> books = bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
req.setAttribute("books", books);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
req.setAttribute("pageBean", pageBean);
req.getRequestDispatcher("bookList.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
bookList.jsp代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${pagebean}
</body>
</html>
从Servlet运行结果:
3.分页案例演示
我们用书籍列表作为案例演示,如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link
href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<script
src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<title>书籍列表</title>
<style type="text/css">
.page-item input {
padding: 0;
width: 40px;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 6px;
}
.page-item input, .page-item b {
line-height: 38px;
float: left;
font-weight: 400;
}
.page-item.go-input {
margin: 0 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-inline"
action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/book.action" method="post">
<div class="form-group mb-2">
<input type="text" class="form-control-plaintext" name="bname"
placeholder="请输入书籍名称">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">查询</button>
</form>
<table class="table table-striped ">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">书籍ID</th>
<th scope="col">书籍名</th>
<th scope="col">价格</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>圣墟第1章</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>圣墟第1章</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
目前我们的页面效果是这样的,数据暂时都是无效的定死的数据,并且无法查看上一页,下一页和尾页,所以我们还需要进行改写:
3.1PageTag助手类:
package com.Kissship.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import com.Kissship.util.PageBean;
/**
* PageTag.java
* @author jj
*
*/
public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private PageBean pageBean;
public PageBean getPageBean() {
return pageBean;
}
public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) {
this.pageBean = pageBean;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(toHTML());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SKIP_BODY;
}
private String toHTML() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// 这里拼接的是一个上一次发送的请求以及携带的参数,唯一改变的就是页码
sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>");
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='methodName' value='list'>");
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>");
// 重要设置拼接操作,将上一次请求参数携带到下一次
Map<String, String[]> paMap = pageBean.getParamMap();
if(paMap !=null && paMap.size()>0){
Set<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = paMap.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
for (String val : entry.getValue()) {
if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey())){
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+val+"'>");
}
}
}
}
sb.append("</form>");
int page = pageBean.getPage();
int max = pageBean.maxPage();
int before = page > 4 ? 4 : page-1;
int after = 10 - 1 - before;
after = page+after > max ? max-page : after;
// disabled
boolean startFlag = page == 1;
boolean endFlag = max == page;
// 拼接分页条
sb.append("<ul class='pagination'>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item "+(startFlag ? "disabled" : "")+"'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a></li>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item "+(startFlag ? "disabled" : "")+"'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.prevPage()+")'><</a></li>");
// 代表了当前页的前4页
for (int i = before; i > 0 ; i--) {
sb.append("<li class='page-item'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+(page-i)+")'>"+(page-i)+"</a></li>");
}
sb.append("<li class='page-item active'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPage()+")'>"+pageBean.getPage()+"</a></li>");
// 代表了当前页的后5页
for (int i = 1; i <= after; i++) {
sb.append("<li class='page-item'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+(page+i)+")'>"+(page+i)+"</a></li>");
}
sb.append("<li class='page-item "+(endFlag ? "disabled" : "")+"'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.nextPage()+")'>></a></li>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item "+(endFlag ? "disabled" : "")+"'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.maxPage()+")'>尾页</a></li>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item go-input'><b>到第</b><input class='page-link' type='text' id='skipPage' name='' /><b>页</b></li>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item go'><a class='page-link' href='javascript:skipPage()'>确定</a></li>");
sb.append("<li class='page-item'><b>共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条</b></li>");
sb.append("</ul>");
// 拼接分页的js代码
sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
sb.append("function gotoPage(page) {");
sb.append("document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;");
sb.append("document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();");
sb.append("}");
sb.append("function skipPage() {");
sb.append("var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;");
sb.append("if (!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page) < 1 || parseInt(page) > "+max+") {");
sb.append("alert('请输入1~N的数字');");
sb.append("return;");
sb.append("}");
sb.append("gotoPage(page);");
sb.append("}");
sb.append("</script>");
return sb.toString();
}
}
3.2tld配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>z</short-name>
<uri>http://www/Kissship/com</uri>
<validator>
<description>
Provides core validation features for JSTL tags.
</description>
<validator-class>
org.apache.taglibs.standard.tlv.JstlCoreTLV
</validator-class>
</validator>
<tag>
<name>page</name>
<tag-class>com.Kissship.tag.PageTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>pageBean</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
3.3分页自定义jsp标签
根据需要遍历的目标进行JSP标签的自定义(这里是page页码)
代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>z</short-name>
<uri>http://www/Kissship/com</uri>
<validator>
<description>
Provides core validation features for JSTL tags.
</description>
<validator-class>
org.apache.taglibs.standard.tlv.JstlCoreTLV
</validator-class>
</validator>
<tag>
<name>page</name>
<tag-class>com.Kissship.tag.PageTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>pageBean</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
3.4BookList
紧接着在bookList中导入z标签和c标签:
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www/Kissship/com" prefix="z"%>
最后把它们遍历出来再加上我们的bookServlet展示在页面上就可以了。
页面代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www/Kissship/com" prefix="z"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link
href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/css/bootstrap.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<script
src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<title>书籍列表</title>
<style type="text/css">
.page-item input {
padding: 0;
width: 40px;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
margin: 0 6px;
}
.page-item input, .page-item b {
line-height: 38px;
float: left;
font-weight: 400;
}
.page-item.go-input {
margin: 0 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
${pageBean }
<form class="form-inline"
action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/book.action" method="post">
<div class="form-group mb-2">
<input type="text" class="form-control-plaintext" name="bname"
placeholder="请输入书籍名称">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">查询</button>
</form>
<table class="table table-striped bg-success">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">书籍ID</th>
<th scope="col">书籍名</th>
<th scope="col">价格</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<c:forEach items="${books }" var="b">
<tr>
<td>${b.bid }</td>
<td>${b.bname }</td>
<td>${b.price }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>
</body>
</html>
3.5BookServlet
package com.Kissship.Servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.Kissship.dao.BookDao;
import com.Kissship.entity.Book;
import com.Kissship.util.PageBean;
/**
* Servlet implementation class BookServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/book.action")
public class BookServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// String bname = request.getParameter("bname");
// //map包含了浏览器传递到后台的所有参数键值对
// Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
// //浏览器请求的地址
// String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
pageBean.setRequest(req);
BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
Book book = new Book();
book.setBname(req.getParameter("bname"));
try {
List<Book> books = bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
req.setAttribute("books", books);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
req.setAttribute("pageBean", pageBean);
req.getRequestDispatcher("bookList.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
3.6乱码问题
在进行页面输出或搜索书籍的时候,我们会发现可能出现乱码问题,这时候我们只需要加上一个过滤器就ok了。
如下:
package com.Kissship.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 过滤器:
* 中文乱码处理
*
*/
@WebFilter("*.action")
public class EncodingFiter implements Filter {
private String encoding = "UTF-8";// 默认字符集
public EncodingFiter() {
super();
}
public void destroy() {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
// 中文处理必须放到 chain.doFilter(request, response)方法前面
res.setContentType("text/html;charset=" + this.encoding);
if (req.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
req.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding);
} else {
Map map = req.getParameterMap();// 保存所有参数名=参数值(数组)的Map集合
Set set = map.keySet();// 取出所有参数名
Iterator it = set.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
String name = (String) it.next();
String[] values = (String[]) map.get(name);// 取出参数值[注:参数值为一个数组]
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
values[i] = new String(values[i].getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),
this.encoding);
}
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
String s = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");// 读取web.xml文件中配置的字符集
if (null != s && !s.trim().equals("")) {
this.encoding = s.trim();
}
}
}
最后页面的输出结果如下:
4.如何debug调试代码
4.1debug启动项目
操作方式如下:
4.2在将要调试的代码上打上断点
在代码行数显示的左侧双击两下鼠标左键即可打上断点。
如下:
双击左键也可取消断点,在执行代码时也可以禁用断点。
注意:
断点可以影响代码执行。在调试过程中,我们可以在代码中设置断点,当程序执行到断点所在的位置时,程序会中断执行,进入调试模式,以便我们进行代码分析、变量查看、单步调试等操作。
当程序执行到断点时,程序会停止在该处,暂停执行。这样可以方便我们观察程序在执行到该点时的状态,包括变量的值、执行路径等。我们可以逐行地执行代码,查看每一行代码的执行情况,理解程序的运行过程,找出潜在的错误或问题。
断点可以在开发和调试阶段使用,帮助我们定位和解决代码中的问题。但是需要注意,在生产环境中不应该保留断点,因为它们会影响代码的正常执行,并且可能导致系统的性能下降。因此,在发布到生产环境之前,务必要移除或禁用所有的断点。
最后J2EE之通用分页(下)就到这里,祝大家在敲代码的路上一路通畅!