MySQL 查询语句

表格创建：

-- 员工管理(带约束)
create table tb_emp
(
    id          int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment 'ID',
    username    varchar(20)      not null unique comment '用户名',
    password    varchar(32) default '123456' comment '密码',
    name        varchar(10)      not null comment '姓名',
    gender      tinyint unsigned not null comment '性别, 说明: 1 男, 2 女',
    image       varchar(300) comment '图像',
    job         tinyint unsigned comment '职位, 说明: 1 班主任,2 讲师, 3 学工主管, 4 教研主管',
    entrydate   date comment '入职时间',
    create_time datetime         not null comment '创建时间',
    update_time datetime         not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '员工表';

数据准备：

-- 准备测试数据
INSERT INTO tb_emp (id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, create_time, update_time)
VALUES (1, 'jinyong', '123456', '金庸', 1, '1.jpg', 4, '2000-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:35'),
       (2, 'zhangwuji', '123456', '张无忌', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2015-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:37'),
       (3, 'yangxiao', '123456', '杨逍', 1, '3.jpg', 2, '2008-05-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:39'),
       (4, 'weiyixiao', '123456', '韦一笑', 1, '4.jpg', 2, '2007-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:41'),
       (5, 'changyuchun', '123456', '常遇春', 1, '5.jpg', 2, '2012-12-05', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:35:43'),
       (6, 'xiaozhao', '123456', '小昭', 2, '6.jpg', 3, '2013-09-05', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:45'),
       (7, 'jixiaofu', '123456', '纪晓芙', 2, '7.jpg', 1, '2005-08-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:47'),
       (8, 'zhouzhiruo', '123456', '周芷若', 2, '8.jpg', 1, '2014-11-09', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:49'),
       (9, 'dingminjun', '123456', '丁敏君', 2, '9.jpg', 1, '2011-03-11', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:51'),
       (10, 'zhaomin', '123456', '赵敏', 2, '10.jpg', 1, '2013-09-05', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:53'),
       (11, 'luzhangke', '123456', '鹿杖客', 1, '11.jpg', 2, '2007-02-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:35:55'),
       (12, 'hebiweng', '123456', '鹤笔翁', 1, '12.jpg', 2, '2008-08-18', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:35:57'),
       (13, 'fangdongbai', '123456', '方东白', 1, '13.jpg', 1, '2012-11-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:35:59'),
       (14, 'zhangsanfeng', '123456', '张三丰', 1, '14.jpg', 2, '2002-08-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:36:01'),
       (15, 'yulianzhou', '123456', '俞莲舟', 1, '15.jpg', 2, '2011-05-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:36:03'),
       (16, 'songyuanqiao', '123456', '宋远桥', 1, '16.jpg', 2, '2010-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:36:05'),
       (17, 'chenyouliang', '12345678', '陈友谅', 1, '17.jpg', null, '2015-03-21', '2022-10-27 16:35:33',
        '2022-10-27 16:36:07'),
       (18, 'zhang1', '123456', '张一', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2015-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:09'),
       (19, 'zhang2', '123456', '张二', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2012-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:11'),
       (20, 'zhang3', '123456', '张三', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2018-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:13'),
       (21, 'zhang4', '123456', '张四', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2015-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:15'),
       (22, 'zhang5', '123456', '张五', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2016-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:17'),
       (23, 'zhang6', '123456', '张六', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2012-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:19'),
       (24, 'zhang7', '123456', '张七', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2006-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:21'),
       (25, 'zhang8', '123456', '张八', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2002-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:23'),
       (26, 'zhang9', '123456', '张九', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2011-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:25'),
       (27, 'zhang10', '123456', '张十', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2004-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:27'),
       (28, 'zhang11', '123456', '张十一', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2007-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:29'),
       (29, 'zhang12', '123456', '张十二', 1, '2.jpg', 2, '2020-01-01', '2022-10-27 16:35:33', '2022-10-27 16:36:31');

查询代码（根据属性筛选查询）：

-- 查询username name属性
select username,name from tb_emp;

-- 查询该表的所有信息

select id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, create_time, update_time from tb_emp;

select * from tb_emp;

-- 查询name gender 并取别名 命名为 姓名 性别
select name as '姓名',gender as '性别' from tb_emp;

-- 查询有几个工作职位  要求不重复

select distinct job from tb_emp;

条件查询：

-- 查询job为null的员工
select name,job from tb_emp where job is null;

-- 查询id <= 5的员工
select id,name,gender,job from tb_emp where id <= 5;

DQL分组查询（聚合函数 sum、min、max、avg）：

-- ================DQL分组查询=================
-- 聚合函数：不统计null
-- 使用count函数时需要避免统计可以为null的标签

-- 统计有几名员工
select count(id) from tb_emp;

-- 查询还未分配工作的人员
select count(id) from tb_emp where job is null;

-- 计算id的平均值
select avg(id) from tb_emp;

-- 查询入职时间最长的员工 -min
select min(entrydate) from tb_emp;

-- 查询入职时间最晚的员工 -max
select max(entrydate) from tb_emp;

-- 计算id之和 -sum
select sum(id) from tb_emp;

分组查询（group by）：

-- 根据性别分组 同时统计各个性别的数量
select  gender,count(*) from tb_emp group by gender;

-- 统计入职时间在'2015-01-01'之前的员工，并根据职位进行分类  统计员工数量大于2的职位
-- where 是在对分组前进行分类，不满足条件的不进行分类  having是对分类后的数据进行过滤
select job,count(*) from tb_emp where entrydate <= '2015-01-01' group by job having count(*) >= 2;

排序查询（asc为默认升序排序， desc降序排序）：

-- =======排序查询=======
-- 默认为升序排序 asc可以省略
-- asc: ascending order 升序排序
-- desc: descending order 降序排序

-- 根据入职时间进行升序排序
select name,entrydate from tb_emp order by  entrydate asc;

-- 根据入职时间进行升序排序  入职时间相同按照更新时间进行降序排序
select name,entrydate,update_time from tb_emp order by entrydate asc,update_time desc ;

分页查询(limit):

-- =======分页查询========
-- 查询起始位置 (页数 - 1) * 需要显示的数据个数

-- 查询 第1页  每页显示5条数据
select * from tb_emp limit 0,5;

-- 查询 第2页  每页显示5条数据
select * from  tb_emp limit 5,5;

-- 查询 第3页  每页显示5条数据
select * from tb_emp limit 10,5;