process进程 and threads线程 之间的关系

Process Concept

• An operating system executes a variety of programs that run as a process.
• Process – a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. No parallel execution of instructions of a  single process
• Multiple parts
  • The program code, also called text section
  • Current activity including program counter, processor registers
  • Stack containing temporary data
    • Function parameters, return addresses, local variables
  • Data section containing global variables
  • Heap containing memory dynamically allocated during run time

操作系统负责执行各种程序，这些程序在执行时被称作进程。

进程的执行必须按顺序进行（progress in sequential fashion）。

• Program is passive entity stored on disk (executable file); process is active
  • Program becomes process when an executable file is loaded into memory
• Execution of program started via GUI mouse clicks, command line entry of its name, etc.
• One program can be several processes
  • Consider multiple users executing the same program

程序是存储在硬盘上的被动实体（可执行文件），进程是主动的

当可执行文件载入内存时，程序就变成了进程

通过图形用户界面鼠标点击、命令行输入程序名等方式启动程序的执行。

一个程序可以是多个进程

考虑多个用户执行同一个程序

Threads

• So far, process has a single thread of execution
• Consider having multiple program counters per process
  • Multiple locations can execute at once
    • Multiple threads of control -> threads
• Must then have storage for thread details, multiple program counters in PCB

进程只有一个执行线程

一个进程可能有多个程序计数器

多个位置可同时执行 多个控制线程

必须在PCB 中存储线程细节和多个程序计数器

Relation

线程是进程的执行单元，属于进程并共享进程的资源。一个进程可以有多个线程，但一个线程只能属于一个进程。

个人理解 线程thread更像是小但团队协作的进程process，相对进程能够共享数据，效率高，但是因为线程有关联，当一个线程被阻塞的时候，所有线程都被阻塞了