顺序表的实现

在介绍顺序表之前,我们需要知道线性表的定义。

线性表是由n个具有相同特征的数据元素的有限序列,是最常用的一种数据结构。

一个数据元素可以有若干个数据项组成(数据项是数据的不可分割的最小单元),

这时,我们常把数据元素(在数据结构中,数据的基本单位是数据项)称为记录,含有大量记录的线性表又称为文件

顺序表是线性表的一种实现方式,需要用一组地址连续的存储单元一次存储线性表。(类似与数组)

优点:容易查找和修改(时间复杂度为N(1))

缺点:增加和删除需要移动其他元素(尾部增删是特殊个例,这里需要统计所有情况)

           时间复杂度为N(n)

           需要一组连续的地址

           内存可能存在不足或者浪费情况

在使用之前,我们需要定义顺序表

typedef int SLDateType;
typedef struct SeqList
{
	SLDateType* a;
	SLDateType size;      //有效数据
	SLDateType capacity;  //空间容量
}SeqList;

并且将常用函数列举(方便后面书写) 

// 对数据的管理:增删查改 

//初始化
void SeqListInit(SeqList* ps);

//销毁
void SeqListDestroy(SeqList* ps);

//打印
void SeqListPrint(SeqList* ps);

//尾插
void SeqListPushBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

//头插
void SeqListPushFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

//头删
void SeqListPopFront(SeqList* ps);

//尾删
void SeqListPopBack(SeqList* ps);

// 顺序表查找
int SeqListFind(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

// 顺序表在pos位置插入x
void SeqListInsert(SeqList* ps, int pos, SLDateType x);

// 顺序表删除pos位置的值
void SeqListErase(SeqList* ps, int pos);

然后实现各个函数的功能

 在使用函数时,我们必须确保顺序表已经存在,不为空(增加可以不用考虑),以及顺序表的内存是否够用(增加会增大线性表的存储大小),所以我们对顺序表先进行初始化,然后进行增删查改等操作,使用完后需要将它销毁(否则会造成内存泄漏)

void SeqListInit(SeqList* ps)
{
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->size = 0;
	ps->capacity = 0;
}

void SeqListDestroy(SeqList* ps)
{
	if (ps->a != NULL)
	{
		free(ps->a);
		ps->a = NULL;
		ps->capacity = 0;
		ps->size = 0;
	}
}

void SeqListPrint(SeqList* ps)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	for (int i = 0; i < ps->size; ++i)
	{
		printf("%d ", ps->a[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

void SeqListPushBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 3 : ps->capacity * 2;
		SLDateType* tmp = (SLDateType*) realloc(ps->a, sizeof(SLDateType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->size] = x;
	ps->size++;
}

void SeqListPushFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 3 : ps->capacity * 2;
		SLDateType* tmp = (SLDateType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(SLDateType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	int end = ps->size - 1;
	while (end >= 0)
	{
		ps->a[end + 1] = ps->a[end];
		--end;
	}
	ps->a[0] = x;
	++ps->size;
}

void SeqListPopFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size < x)
		x = ps->size;
	int star = 1;
	int end = ps->size - 1;
	while (star < x)
	{
		ps->a[star-1] = ps->a[star+x-1];
		++star;
		--end;
	} 
	ps->size = end;
}

void SeqListPopBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size < x)
	{
		x = ps->size;
	}
	for (int i = x; i > 0; i--)
	{
		ps->a[ps->size-1] = 0;
		--ps->size;
	}
}

int SeqListFind(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return ERROR;
	int n = ps->size;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (ps->a[i] == x)
			printf("%d \n", i);
	}	
	return FALSE;
}

void SeqListInsert(SeqList* ps, int pos, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL || ps->size == 0 || pos < 0 || pos > ps->size)
		return;
	int end = ps->size;
	while (end >= pos)
	{
		ps->a[end + 1] = ps->a[end];
		--end;
	}
	ps->a[pos] = x;
	++ps->size;
}

void SeqListErase(SeqList* ps, int pos) 
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	int end = ps->size;
	while (end > pos)
	{
		ps->a[pos] = ps->a[pos+1];
		++pos;
	}
	--ps->size;
}

完整代码如下: 

test.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define ERROR 0

typedef int SLDateType;
typedef struct SeqList
{
	SLDateType* a;
	SLDateType size;      //有效数据
	SLDateType capacity;  //空间容量
}SeqList;

// 对数据的管理:增删查改 

//初始化
void SeqListInit(SeqList* ps);

//销毁
void SeqListDestroy(SeqList* ps);

//打印
void SeqListPrint(SeqList* ps);

//尾插
void SeqListPushBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

//头插
void SeqListPushFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

//头删
void SeqListPopFront(SeqList* ps);

//尾删
void SeqListPopBack(SeqList* ps);

// 顺序表查找
int SeqListFind(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x);

// 顺序表在pos位置插入x
void SeqListInsert(SeqList* ps, int pos, SLDateType x);

// 顺序表删除pos位置的值
void SeqListErase(SeqList* ps, int pos);



test.cpp

#include"test.h"

void SeqListInit(SeqList* ps)
{
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->size = 0;
	ps->capacity = 0;
}

void SeqListDestroy(SeqList* ps)
{
	if (ps->a != NULL)
	{
		free(ps->a);
		ps->a = NULL;
		ps->capacity = 0;
		ps->size = 0;
	}
}

void SeqListPrint(SeqList* ps)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	for (int i = 0; i < ps->size; ++i)
	{
		printf("%d ", ps->a[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

void SeqListPushBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 3 : ps->capacity * 2;
		SLDateType* tmp = (SLDateType*) realloc(ps->a, sizeof(SLDateType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->size] = x;
	ps->size++;
}

void SeqListPushFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 3 : ps->capacity * 2;
		SLDateType* tmp = (SLDateType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(SLDateType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	int end = ps->size - 1;
	while (end >= 0)
	{
		ps->a[end + 1] = ps->a[end];
		--end;
	}
	ps->a[0] = x;
	++ps->size;
}

void SeqListPopFront(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size < x)
		x = ps->size;
	int star = 1;
	int end = ps->size - 1;
	while (star < x)
	{
		ps->a[star-1] = ps->a[star+x-1];
		++star;
		--end;
	} 
	ps->size = end;
}

void SeqListPopBack(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->size == 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	if (ps->size < x)
	{
		x = ps->size;
	}
	for (int i = x; i > 0; i--)
	{
		ps->a[ps->size-1] = 0;
		--ps->size;
	}
}

int SeqListFind(SeqList* ps, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return ERROR;
	int n = ps->size;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (ps->a[i] == x)
			printf("%d \n", i);
	}	
	return FALSE;
}

void SeqListInsert(SeqList* ps, int pos, SLDateType x)
{
	if (ps->a == NULL || ps->size == 0 || pos < 0 || pos > ps->size)
		return;
	int end = ps->size;
	while (end >= pos)
	{
		ps->a[end + 1] = ps->a[end];
		--end;
	}
	ps->a[pos] = x;
	++ps->size;
}

void SeqListErase(SeqList* ps, int pos) 
{
	if (ps->a == NULL)
		return;
	int end = ps->size;
	while (end > pos)
	{
		ps->a[pos] = ps->a[pos+1];
		++pos;
	}
	--ps->size;
}

void test1()
{
	SeqList sl;
	SeqListInit(&sl);

	SeqListPushBack(&sl,1);
	SeqListPushBack(&sl, 2);
	SeqListPushBack(&sl, 3);
	SeqListPushBack(&sl, 4);
	SeqListPushBack(&sl, 5);
	//输出 1 2 3 4 5 
	
	SeqListPushFront(&sl, 10);
	SeqListPushFront(&sl, 20);
	SeqListPushFront(&sl, 30);
	SeqListPushFront(&sl, 40);
	SeqListPushFront(&sl, 50);
   //输出 50 40 30 20 10(单独输入,与尾插不相关)
   
	SeqListPopBack(&sl,4);
	//输出为 删除最后4位
	// 如果需要删除的数大于顺序表最大长度,则全部删除

	SeqListPopFront(&sl,4);
	//输出为 删除前面4位
	// 如果需要删除的数大于顺序表最大长度,则全部删除
	
	
	SeqListFind(&sl, 1);

	SeqListInsert(&sl, 1, 7);

	SeqListErase(&sl, 2);

	SeqListPrint(&sl);

	SeqListDestroy(&sl);
}

int main()
{
	test1();
	//system("pause");
	return 0;
}
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