Java并发编程-35-原子变量-atomic

一、原子变量

原子变量是Java 5 开始引入的，他提供了单个变量上的原子操作。

当一个线程在对原子变量操作时，如果其他线程也试图对对同一原子变量执行操作，原子变量的实现类提供了一套机制来检查操作是否在一步内完成。

这个操作下 获取变量值，然后在本地改变变量的值，然后试图用这个改变的值去替换之前的值。如果之前的值没有被其他线程改变，就可以执行这个替换操作。否则，方法将再执行这个操作。这种操作称为CAS原子操作(Compare and set)

原子变量不使用锁或其他同步机制来保护对其值的并发访问。所有的操作都是基于CAS原子操作的，并且性能优于使用同步机制保护的普通变量。

二、模拟账户

package concurrencycollection;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

public class Account {

	private AtomicLong balance;// 账户余额

	public Account() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		balance = new AtomicLong();
	}

	public long getBalance() {
		return balance.get();
	}

	public void setBalance(long amount) {
		this.balance.set(amount);;
	}

	public void addBalance(long amount) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.balance.getAndAdd(amount);
	}

	public void substractAmount(long amount) {
		this.balance.getAndAdd(-amount);
	}
}

package concurrencycollection;

public class Company implements Runnable {

	private Account account;

	public Company(Account account) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.account = account;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			account.addBalance(1000);
		}
	}
}

package concurrencycollection;

public class Bank implements Runnable {

	private Account account;

	public Bank(Account account) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.account = account;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			account.substractAmount(1000);
		}
	}
}

package concurrencycollection;

public class Main2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Account account = new Account();
		account.setBalance(1000);

		Company company = new Company(account);
		Bank bank = new Bank(account);

		Thread threadCompany = new Thread(company);
		Thread threadBank = new Thread(bank);

		System.out.println("Initial Balance is " + account.getBalance());

		threadCompany.start();
		threadBank.start();

		try {
			threadCompany.join();
			threadBank.join();

			System.out.println("Account : Final Balance : "
					+ account.getBalance());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}