synchronized细节

synchronized锁重入

关键字synchronized拥有锁重入的功能，也就是在使用synchronized时，当一个线程得到一个对象的锁后，再次请求该对象是可以再次得到该对象的锁

示例：

public class SyncDubbo1 {

	public synchronized void method1(){
		System.out.println("method1..");
		method2();
	}
	public synchronized void method2(){
		System.out.println("method2..");
		method3();
	}
	public synchronized void method3(){
		System.out.println("method3..");
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		final SyncDubbo1 sd = new SyncDubbo1();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				sd.method1();
			}
		});
		t1.start();
	}
}
结果：
method1..
method2..
method3..

 分析：线程调用method1时，也可以调到synchronized修饰的method2,method3方法，这是没有问题的，synchronized具有锁重入的功能

死锁

 死锁问题，在设计程序时就应该避免双方相互持有对方的锁的情况

 

public class DeadLock implements Runnable{

	private String tag;
	private static Object lock1 = new Object();
	private static Object lock2 = new Object();
	
	public void setTag(String tag){
		this.tag = tag;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		if(tag.equals("a")){
			synchronized (lock1) {
				try {
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
					Thread.sleep(2000);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				synchronized (lock2) {
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
				}
			}
		}
		if(tag.equals("b")){
			synchronized (lock2) {
				try {
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock2执行");
					Thread.sleep(2000);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				synchronized (lock1) {
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入lock1执行");
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		DeadLock d1 = new DeadLock();
		d1.setTag("a");
		DeadLock d2 = new DeadLock();
		d2.setTag("b");
		 
		Thread t1 = new Thread(d1, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(d2, "t2");
		 
		t1.start();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(500);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t2.start();
	}

 

 使用synchronized代码块加锁,比较灵活

public class ObjectLock {

	public void method1(){
		synchronized (this) {	//对象锁
			try {
				System.out.println("do method1..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){		//类锁
		synchronized (ObjectLock.class) {
			try {
				System.out.println("do method2..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	private Object lock = new Object();
	public void method3(){		//任何对象锁
		synchronized (lock) {
			try {
				System.out.println("do method3..");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

 

 synchronized代码块对字符串加锁，注意String常量池的缓存功能，需要使用字符串对象加锁，不要使用常量，因为常量在常量池只有一个引用，需要new一个对象进行加锁

public void method() {
		//new String("字符串常量")
		synchronized ("字符串常量") {
			try {
				while(true){
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
					Thread.sleep(1000);		
					System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		final StringLock stringLock = new StringLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				stringLock.method();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				stringLock.method();
			}
		},"t2");
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
结果
当前线程 : t1开始
当前线程 : t1结束
当前线程 : t1开始
当前线程 : t1结束
当前线程 : t1开始。。。

 锁对象的改变问题，声明了一个字符串变量，在加锁执行中，不要需要修改变量值，否则会失去这把锁

另外同一对象属性的修改不会影响锁的情况

public class ChangeLock {

	private String lock = "lock";
	
	private void method(){
		synchronized (lock) {
			try {
				System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
				lock = "change lock";
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		final ChangeLock changeLock = new ChangeLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				changeLock.method();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				changeLock.method();
			}
		},"t2");
		t1.start();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t2.start();
	}
	
}
结果 ： t1 t2 基本同时执行，没有休眠2秒
当前线程 : t1开始
当前线程 : t2开始