Java调用外部程序技巧

http://www.yankay.com/java%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7/

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
process.waitfor();

如果直接在Shell中调用这个程序，程序会很快结束，不会僵死。

为什么会堵塞呢，原因是当调用exec(cmd)后，JVM会启动一个子进程，该进程会与JVM进程建立3个管道连接，标准输入，标准输出和标准错误流。假设该程序不断在向标准输出流和标准错误流写数据，而JVM不读取，数据会暂时缓冲在Linux的缓冲区，缓冲区满后该程序将无法继续写数据，会僵死，所以Java程序就会僵死在waitfor()，永远无法结束。

解决办法就是增加两个线程，一个线程负责读标准输出流，另一个负责读标准错误流，这样子数据就不会积压在缓冲区，程序就能够顺利运行。

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
/**
*java调用外部命令处理.
*/
public class ProcessUtil {
	private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
	private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ProcessUtil.class);

	private InputStream in;

	private OutputStream out;
	private OutputStream err;

	public ProcessUtil(OutputStream out, OutputStream err, InputStream in) {
		if (out == null) {
			out = new NullOutputStream();
		}
		if (err == null) {
			err = new NullOutputStream();
		}
		this.out = out;
		this.err = err;
		this.in = in;

	}

	public int process(String cmd, String[] envp, File dir) throws IOException,
			InterruptedException {
		Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd, envp, dir);
		return process(p);
	}

	public int process(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp, File dir)
			throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmdarray, envp, dir);
		return process(p);
	}

	private int process(Process p) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		try {
			OutputStream pin = p.getOutputStream();

			StreamGobbler outg = new StreamGobbler(p.getInputStream(), out);
			StreamGobbler errg = new StreamGobbler(p.getErrorStream(), err);

			outg.start();
			errg.start();

			if (in != null) {
				byte[] inBuf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
				int inN = 0;
				while (-1 != (inN = in.read(inBuf))) {
					pin.write(inBuf, 0, inN);
				}
				pin.flush();
			}

			int code = p.waitFor();
			outg.join();
			errg.join();
			return code;
		} finally {
			closeQuietly(p.getOutputStream());
			closeQuietly(p.getInputStream());
			closeQuietly(p.getErrorStream());
		}

	}

	private void closeQuietly(Closeable closeable) {
		try {
			if (closeable != null)
				closeable.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			log.warn("close error", e);
		}
	}

}

class StreamGobbler implements Runnable {
	private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
	private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(StreamGobbler.class);

	private InputStream is;
	private OutputStream os;
	private Thread thread;

	public StreamGobbler(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
		this.is = is;
		this.os = os;
	}

	public void start() {
		thread = new Thread(this);
		thread.setDaemon(true);
		thread.start();
	}

	public void run() {
		try {
			byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
			int n = 0;
			while (-1 != (n = is.read(buf))) {
				os.write(buf, 0, n);
			}
			os.flush();
		} catch (Exception ex) {
			log.warn("stream error", ex);
		}
	}

	public void join() throws InterruptedException {
		thread.join();
	}

}

class NullOutputStream extends OutputStream {

	public static final NullOutputStream NULL_OUTPUT_STREAM = new NullOutputStream();

	@Override
	public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
	}

	@Override
	public void write(int b) {
	}

	@Override
	public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
	}

}