AsyncTask源码解析

特点及注意事项

1. AsyncTask类必须在主线程中加载。在4.1后，在ActivityThread的main方法中系统会调用AsyncTask的init，用于在主线程中加载该类。
2. AsyncTask的对象必须在主线程中创建。
3. execute必须在主线程。
4. 一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次，即只能调用一次execute方法。
5. 3.0以前，最大支持128个线程的并发，10个任务的等待。在3.0以后，无论有多少任务，都会在其内部单线程执行。
6. 必须在主线程初始化，原因是内部的静态Handler使用的是主线程的Looper，如果不在主线程加载那么就不会把数据发送到主线程来加载。

源码分析

静态成员变量说明

// cpu 数量
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
// 定义线程池的核心线程数量
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
// 最大线程数
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
// 线程回收时间
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
// 线程工厂
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
    private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
    }
};
// 任务队列，最大为128个
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
// 定义执行任务的线程池
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
        = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);

// 任务排队线程池
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

// 实现Callable 内部有Params
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
// 实现了Runnable
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();

// 可以看出这是一个穿行线程池，这个线程池用于管理任务
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
	// 存储任务的数组
    final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
    Runnable mActive;
	// 由此可以看出是顺序执行的，因为
    public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
        mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    r.run();
                } finally {
					// 执行完当前任务，最终都要执行下一个任务
                    scheduleNext();
                }
            }
        });
        if (mActive == null) {
			// 开始下一个任务
            scheduleNext();
        }
    }

    protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
        if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
			// 执行任务
            THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
        }
    }
}

构造方法

public AsyncTask() {
	// 初始化Callable
    mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
        public Result call() throws Exception {
            mTaskInvoked.set(true);

            Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
            //noinspection unchecked
			// 执行doInbackground讲数据返回，传入postResult()方法中
            return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
        }
    };
	
	// 把mWroker作为参数初始化FutureTask
    mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
        @Override
        protected void done() {
            try {
                postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
                        e.getCause());
            } catch (CancellationException e) {
                postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
            }
        }
    };
}

FutureTask 和 Worker关系

// FutureTask 实现了Runnable ，run方法中执行了callable的call方法，在call方法中执行doInBackground方法拿到结果，再执行postResult()
public void run() {
    if (state != NEW ||
        !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                     null, Thread.currentThread()))
        return;
    try {
        Callable<V> c = callable;
        if (c != null && state == NEW) {
            V result;
            boolean ran;
            try {
				// 执行callable的call方法
                result = c.call();
                ran = true;
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                result = null;
                ran = false;
                setException(ex);
            }
            if (ran)
                set(result);
        }
    } finally {
        // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
        // prevent concurrent calls to run()
        runner = null;
        // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
        // leaked interrupts
        int s = state;
        if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
            handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
    }
}

postResult()

private Result postResult(Result result) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	// 发送消息到主线程
    Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
			// 发送的内容在AsyncTaskResult object中
            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
    message.sendToTarget();
    return result;
}

sHandler类如下

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
		// 取出Object
        AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
        switch (msg.what) {
            case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                // There is only one result
				// 调用AsyncTask的finish
                result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                break;
            case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
				// 如果我们在doInBackground中调用了publishProgress(Progress...values)方法，就会收到这个消息
                result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                break;
        }
    }
}

finish

private void finish(Result result) {
    if (isCancelled()) {
        onCancelled(result);
    } else {
		// 如果没有cancel掉，就回调onPostExecute方法
        onPostExecute(result);
    }
	// 标志位设置为结束
    mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}

publishProgress

protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
    if (!isCancelled()) {
		// 发送消息到主线程更新进度
        sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
    }
}

execute

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
	// 调用了executeOnExecutor，默认是串行的
    return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
        Params... params) {
	// 如果mStatus不是准备状态就抛异常
    if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
        switch (mStatus) {
            case RUNNING:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task is already running.");
            case FINISHED:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task has already been executed "
                        + "(a task can be executed only once)");
        }
    }

    mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
	// 执行准备方法
    onPreExecute();
	// 为mWorker ， callable的params赋值
    mWorker.mParams = params;
	// 默认情况下加入穿行线程池sDefaultExecutor去排队执行
    exec.execute(mFuture);

    return this;
}