static link & Dynamic Link & Load

原文：http://leterboy.wordpress.com/2009/10/26/static-link-dynamic-link-load/

 

Static link:

Compiler時，

library加入程式碼

優：快

劣：佔空間

Dynamic Link:

Compiler時，不將library加入程式碼，執行程式的時後，再將library載入程式碼，若有多個程式共用同一個library，只需載一個library進memory

優：省空間

劣：慢

Dynamic Load:

Compiler時，不將library加入程式碼，執行程式時，遇到函式，才將library載入，用完後再free出空間

優：更省空間

劣：更慢

Static Link

Creating a Static Library:

1. Compile source codes
   # gcc –c file1.c file2.c file3.c

2. Create a static library named libmylib.a
   # ar rcs libmylib.a file1.o file2.o file3.o

Using a Static Library:

# gcc –o main main.c –L. –lmylib

Parameters:
-L: the directory of the library
-l: the name of the library

Dynamic Link

Creating a Shared Library:

1. Compile source codes
   # gcc -c file1.c file2.c file3.c

2. Create a shared library named libmylib.so
   # gcc -shared libmylib.so file1.c file2.c file3.c

Using a Shared Library:

# gcc –o main main.c –L. –lmylib

Note: Remember to put libmylib.so into PATH, ex. /usr/lib

Dynamic Load:

Creating a Shared Library:

1. Compile source codes
   # gcc –c file1.c file2.c file3.c

2. Create a shared library named libmylib.so
   # gcc -shared libmylib.so file1.c file2.c file3.c

Using a Shared Library:

1. (Reference:http://linux.die.net/man/3/dlopen)

Use the following function to access the shared library:

#include <dlfcn.h>

• void *dlopen(const char *filename, int flag);

• char *dlerror(void);

• void *dlsym(void *handle, const char *symbol);

• int dlclose(void *handle);

1. Compile:
   Since above function are implemented in the library libdl.a,
   we need to load this library
   # gcc dltest.c –ldl

Parameters:

-ldl: load the library libdl.a

example

dltest.c

#include <dlfcn.h>

int main()

{

void *handle;

void (*f)();

char *error;

/* open the needed object  */

handle = dlopen(“./libmylib.so”, RTLD_LAZY);

if(!handle) {

/* get diagnostic information */

fputs(dlerror(), stderr);

exit(1);

}

/* find the address of function and data objects  */

f = dlsym(handle, “function1″);

if ((error = dlerror())!=NULL) {

fprintf(stderr, “%s\n”, error);

exit(1);

}

/* excute function1 */

f();

/* close a dlopen object */

dlclose(handle);

}

用 ar 指令組合成 static library.
(注意: 你的程式庫一定要加 lib名稱)

-r: 新增 fun.o 到 libfun.a 中

-c: 建立新的程式庫

-s: 將一個 object 檔的 index 寫入程式庫

指令:  ar rcslib程式庫名稱 a.o b.o c.o