$/ is a global var-- input record separator. when it is modified, it will take effect in the left part of programme, we can localize it to the current block.
{
local $/ = "";
......
}
NOTE: local can only change special vars in the current block, we can not use if to define a new var.
1. By default, read in file line by line;
2. $/ = undef, read in the whole file at once;
3. $/ = "", read in paragraph by paragraph.
4. $/ = "/n%/n", read in unix fortunes.