ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务

数据库已经装好了，且数据库已经起起来了，但是客户端pl/sql 死活连接不上服务器，报”ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务 ”

这个是监听有问题，查看一下服务端的监听是否已经启动

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 02-FEB-2015 14:52:56

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                01-FEB-2015 23:39:04
Uptime                    0 days 15 hr. 13 min. 53 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11gXDB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

再看看监听文件的配置内容

 

[oracle@localhost admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.3.142)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app

监听程序是启动了的，感觉应该没有问题，但是客户端就是说监听有问题，后来在网上搜索了一下相关的问题，在 listener.ora 中添加下面的内容

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
     (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
      (SID_NAME = orcl) 
    )
  )

就解决问题了。

重启监听，再看看监听的内容：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
     (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
      (SID_NAME = orcl) 
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.3.142)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app

OK，客户端可以正常连接了，但是在网上查了一下 SID_LIST_LISTENER 的信息，有个解释是：

LISTENER部分包含协议地址列表，每个实例一个入口 SID_LIST_LISTENER部分标识全局数据库名称、标识监听程序正在服务的每个实例的Oracle软件主目录以及实例或SID。 SID_LIST描述用于静态数据库注册、保持和以前的版本兼容性以及供Oracle Enterprise Manager使用。

感觉还是理解有点模糊，为什么一定要加上这段字符串客户端才能连接，希望在以后的学习中，对这个进行深入理解后再来补充， 

也希望有哪位大神能指点指点！