关于linux2.6.24版本的ext2文件系统的源码，super.c也是第三大的文件，欢迎指正！
/*
* linux/fs/ext2/super.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
* Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
* Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
* Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
*
* from
*
* linux/fs/minix/inode.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
*
* Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
* David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/parser.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/exportfs.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/vfs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include "ext2.h"
#include "xattr.h"
#include "acl.h"
#include "xip.h"
/*函数声明，超级块的同步函数，重新挂载文件系统的函数以及得到文件系统状态的函数*/
static void ext2_sync_super(struct super_block *sb,
struct ext2_super_block *es);
static int ext2_remount (struct super_block * sb, int * flags, char * data);
static int ext2_statfs (struct dentry * dentry, struct kstatfs * buf);
/*ext2的打印错误信息的函数，参数有可变参数*/
void ext2_error (struct super_block * sb, const char * function,
const char * fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
/*内存里存放的超级块信息结构体*/
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
/*ext2硬盘上存放的超级块，此时在块缓存中*/
struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
/*如果文件系统不是只读的*/
if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
/*出错了，就在ext2_sb_info结构体的对应位上或上对应位，标记文件系统有错误发生*/
sbi->s_mount_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
/*ext2_super_block结构体上对应位置位，标识文件系统有错误发生*/
es->s_state =
cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(es->s_state) | EXT2_ERROR_FS);
/*超级块立即同步*/
ext2_sync_super(sb, es);
}
/*打印出错的信息*/
va_start(args, fmt);
printk(KERN_CRIT "EXT2-fs error (device %s): %s: ",sb->s_id, function);
vprintk(fmt, args);
printk("\n");
va_end(args);
/*如果是严重错误，打印相应的信息*/
if (test_opt(sb, ERRORS_PANIC))
panic("EXT2-fs panic from previous error\n");
/*如果是只读错误，就打印应当把文件系统重新只读挂载*/
if (test_opt(sb, ERRORS_RO)) {
printk("Remounting filesystem read-only\n");
/*超级块对应位设置为只读*/
sb->s_flags |= MS_RDONLY;
}
}
/*打印警告信息，错误不是很严重*/
void ext2_warning (struct super_block * sb, const char * function,
const char * fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
/*仅仅是简单的打印信息*/
va_start(args, fmt);
printk(KERN_WARNING "EXT2-fs warning (device %s): %s: ",
sb->s_id, function);
vprintk(fmt, args);
printk("\n");
va_end(args);
}
/*更新文件系统为动态的inode的修改级别*/
void ext2_update_dynamic_rev(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct ext2_super_block *es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
/*如果文件系统的修改级别已经是新的了，直接返回*/
if (le32_to_cpu(es->s_rev_level) > EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV)
return;
/*如果文件系统不是新的修改级别，先警告，我们要修改了*/
ext2_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__,
"updating to rev %d because of new feature flag, "
"running e2fsck is recommended",
EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV);
/*设置第一个inode号，inode大小*/
es->s_first_ino = cpu_to_le32(EXT2_GOOD_OLD_FIRST_INO);
es->s_inode_size = cpu_to_le16(EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE);
/*新的修改级别*/
es->s_rev_level = cpu_to_le32(EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV);
/* 此处不处理 es->s_feature_*compat*/
/* es->s_uuid会被e2fsck处理 */
/* 超级块的其他字段应该是0，如果不是，说明他们正在被使用，我们可以接下来让e2fsck来解决*/
/* leave es->s_feature_*compat flags alone */
/* es->s_uuid will be set by e2fsck if empty */
/*
* The rest of the superblock fields should be zero, and if not it
* means they are likely already in use, so leave them alone. We
* can leave it up to e2fsck to clean up any inconsistencies there.
*/
}
/*释放正在使用的超级块*/
static void ext2_put_super (struct super_block * sb)
{
int db_count;
int i;
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
/*释放这个超级块的块设备的所有在内存里的缓冲区*/
ext2_xattr_put_super(sb);
/*如果文件系统不是只读挂载的*/
if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
/*同步文件系统的挂载状态*/
es->s_state = cpu_to_le16(sbi->s_mount_state);
ext2_sync_super(sb, es);
}
/*文件系统的存储组描述符块的数目，不是组描述符的个数*/
db_count = sbi->s_gdb_count;
/*遍历所有的块，释放所有的组描述符的缓冲区*/
for (i = 0; i < db_count; i++)
if (sbi->s_group_desc[i])
brelse (sbi->s_group_desc[i]);
/*释放组描述符数组和文件系统负载数组*/
kfree(sbi->s_group_desc);
kfree(sbi->s_debts);
/*释放者三个结构体*/
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
brelse (sbi->s_sbh);
sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
/*释放ext2_sb_info结构体*/
kfree(sbi);
return;
}
/*用来存放ext2的inode的slab缓冲区*/
static struct kmem_cache * ext2_inode_cachep;
/*ext2分配一个空的inode，先分配ext2_inode_info，再返回其中的inode对象*/
static struct inode *ext2_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct ext2_inode_info *ei;
/*先从ext2_inode_cachep上分配内存对应的ext2_inode_info结构体*/
ei = (struct ext2_inode_info *)kmem_cache_alloc(ext2_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ei)
return NULL;
/*配置了acl，先初始化acl为没有映射状态*/
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
ei->i_acl = EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
ei->i_default_acl = EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
#endif/*版本号*/
ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
ei->vfs_inode.i_version = 1;
return &ei->vfs_inode;
}
/*释放一个inode磁盘内存结构*/
static void ext2_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
{ /*调用内存的缓冲释放函数，从ext2_inode_cachep上释放*/
kmem_cache_free(ext2_inode_cachep, EXT2_I(inode));
}
/*初始化ext2_inode_info的指针,foo为ext2_inode_info*/
static void init_once(struct kmem_cache * cachep, void *foo)
{ /*先转化获得ext2_inode_info指针*/
struct ext2_inode_info *ei = (struct ext2_inode_info *) foo;
/*逐个初始化读写锁，属性锁*/
rwlock_init(&ei->i_meta_lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR
init_rwsem(&ei->xattr_sem);
#endif
/*初始化vfs层的inode*/
mutex_init(&ei->truncate_mutex);
inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode);
}
/*初始化ext2_inode_cachep的缓冲区*/
static int init_inodecache(void)
{
/*创建一块可延展的内存缓冲区，并使用init_once函数初始化，
然后赋值给ext2_inode_cachep，kmem_cache_create是内存子系统的函数，
第一个参数是这个缓冲区的名字，第二个参数是缓冲区的大小，先设置为一个ext2_inode_info的大小，
第三个参数是对齐，第四个参数flag，标志这缓冲区可延展，就是可以向后继续分配，并且可以重新设置大小，
第五个参数是初始化函数*/
ext2_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("ext2_inode_cache",
sizeof(struct ext2_inode_info),
0, (SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
SLAB_MEM_SPREAD),
init_once);
/*失败了，就返回内存不够的错误*/
if (ext2_inode_cachep == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
/*销毁上个函数创建的ext2_inode_cachep*/
static void destroy_inodecache(void)
{
/*内存子系统的内存销毁函数*/
kmem_cache_destroy(ext2_inode_cachep);
}
/*清理inode的额外的内存资源，一般是指acl结构体*/
static void ext2_clear_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
struct ext2_block_alloc_info *rsv = EXT2_I(inode)->i_block_alloc_info;
/*如果没有配置acl，就不用释放了*/
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
struct ext2_inode_info *ei = EXT2_I(inode);
/*如果i_acl不是未映射状态就说明需要释放*/
if (ei->i_acl && ei->i_acl != EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED) {
/*之前讲过的函数，释放acl结构体*/
posix_acl_release(ei->i_acl);
/*标记为未映射*/
ei->i_acl = EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
}
/*如果i_default_acl不是未映射状态就说明需要释放*/
if (ei->i_default_acl && ei->i_default_acl != EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED) {
/*之前讲过的函数，释放acl结构体*/
posix_acl_release(ei->i_default_acl);
/*标记为未映射*/
ei->i_default_acl = EXT2_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
}
#endif
ext2_discard_reservation(inode);
EXT2_I(inode)->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
if (unlikely(rsv))
kfree(rsv);
}
/*得到文件系统的挂载选项，存放在seq里*/
static int ext2_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct vfsmount *vfs)
{
/*先得到超级块的内存的信息结构体，大部分信息都在这个结构体里放着*/
struct super_block *sb = vfs->mnt_sb;
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
unsigned long def_mount_opts;
def_mount_opts = le32_to_cpu(es->s_default_mount_opts);
if (sbi->s_sb_block != 1)
seq_printf(seq, ",sb=%lu", sbi->s_sb_block);
if (test_opt(sb, MINIX_DF))
seq_puts(seq, ",minixdf");
if (test_opt(sb, GRPID))
seq_puts(seq, ",grpid");
if (!test_opt(sb, GRPID) && (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_BSDGROUPS))
seq_puts(seq, ",nogrpid");
if (sbi->s_resuid != EXT2_DEF_RESUID ||
le16_to_cpu(es->s_def_resuid) != EXT2_DEF_RESUID) {
seq_printf(seq, ",resuid=%u", sbi->s_resuid);
}
if (sbi->s_resgid != EXT2_DEF_RESGID ||
le16_to_cpu(es->s_def_resgid) != EXT2_DEF_RESGID) {
seq_printf(seq, ",resgid=%u", sbi->s_resgid);
}
if (test_opt(sb, ERRORS_CONT)) {
int def_errors = le16_to_cpu(es->s_errors);
if (def_errors == EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC ||
def_errors == EXT2_ERRORS_RO) {
seq_puts(seq, ",errors=continue");
}
}
if (test_opt(sb, ERRORS_RO))
seq_puts(seq, ",errors=remount-ro");
if (test_opt(sb, ERRORS_PANIC))
seq_puts(seq, ",errors=panic");
if (test_opt(sb, NO_UID32))
seq_puts(seq, ",nouid32");
if (test_opt(sb, DEBUG))
seq_puts(seq, ",debug");
if (test_opt(sb, OLDALLOC))
seq_puts(seq, ",oldalloc");
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR
if (test_opt(sb, XATTR_USER))
seq_puts(seq, ",user_xattr");
if (!test_opt(sb, XATTR_USER) &&
(def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_XATTR_USER)) {
seq_puts(seq, ",nouser_xattr");
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
if (test_opt(sb, POSIX_ACL))
seq_puts(seq, ",acl");
if (!test_opt(sb, POSIX_ACL) && (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_ACL))
seq_puts(seq, ",noacl");
#endif
if (test_opt(sb, NOBH))
seq_puts(seq, ",nobh");
#if defined(CONFIG_QUOTA)
if (sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_USRQUOTA)
seq_puts(seq, ",usrquota");
if (sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_GRPQUOTA)
seq_puts(seq, ",grpquota");
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP)
if (sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_XIP)
seq_puts(seq, ",xip");
#endif
return 0;
}
/*配额的操作函数*/
#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
static ssize_t ext2_quota_read(struct super_block *sb, int type, char *data, size_t len, loff_t off);
static ssize_t ext2_quota_write(struct super_block *sb, int type, const char *data, size_t len, loff_t off);
#endif
/*超级块的操作函数集合*/
static const struct super_operations ext2_sops = {
.alloc_inode = ext2_alloc_inode,
.destroy_inode = ext2_destroy_inode,
.read_inode = ext2_read_inode,
.write_inode = ext2_write_inode,
.delete_inode = ext2_delete_inode,
.put_super = ext2_put_super,
.write_super = ext2_write_super,
.statfs = ext2_statfs,
.remount_fs = ext2_remount,
.clear_inode = ext2_clear_inode,
.show_options = ext2_show_options,
#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
.quota_read = ext2_quota_read,
.quota_write = ext2_quota_write,
#endif
};
/*用在nfs和ext2交流上，sb是ext2的超级块，vobjp是一个内存块，第一个是inode号码，第二个是ext2版本号，返回文件的dentry结构体*/
static struct inode *ext2_nfs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb,
u64 ino, u32 generation)
{
struct inode *inode;
if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) && ino != EXT2_ROOT_INO)
return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
if (ino > le32_to_cpu(EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es->s_inodes_count))
return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
/* iget isn't really right if the inode is currently unallocated!!
* ext2_read_inode currently does appropriate checks, but
* it might be "neater" to call ext2_get_inode first and check
* if the inode is valid.....
*/
inode = iget(sb, ino);
if (inode == NULL)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (is_bad_inode(inode) ||
(generation && inode->i_generation != generation)) {
/* we didn't find the right inode.. */
iput(inode);
return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
}
return inode;
}
static struct dentry *ext2_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid,
int fh_len, int fh_type)
{
return generic_fh_to_dentry(sb, fid, fh_len, fh_type,
ext2_nfs_get_inode);
}
static struct dentry *ext2_fh_to_parent(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid,
int fh_len, int fh_type)
{
return generic_fh_to_parent(sb, fid, fh_len, fh_type,
ext2_nfs_get_inode);
}
/* Yes, most of these are left as NULL!!
* A NULL value implies the default, which works with ext2-like file
* systems, but can be improved upon.
* Currently only get_parent is required.
*//* nfs文件系统与操作系统进行交流的操作函数集合 */
static const struct export_operations ext2_export_ops = {
.fh_to_dentry = ext2_fh_to_dentry,
.fh_to_parent = ext2_fh_to_parent,
.get_parent = ext2_get_parent,
};
/*获得超级块块号，参数data是挂载文件系统的选项*/
static unsigned long get_sb_block(void **data)
{
unsigned long sb_block;
/*先获得选项字符串*/
char *options = (char *) *data;
/*检验字符串是不是sb=开头的，不是就说明错了*/
if (!options || strncmp(options, "sb=", 3) != 0)
return 1; /* Default location */
options += 3;/*继续看后边的*/
/*sb_block是从参数得到超级块块号*/
sb_block = simple_strtoul(options, &options, 0);
/*后边没了，也不对*/
if (*options && *options != ',') {
printk("EXT2-fs: Invalid sb specification: %s\n",
(char *) *data);
return 1;
}
if (*options == ',')
options++;
*data = (void *) options;
return sb_block;
}
/*文件系统的各种选项*/
enum {
Opt_bsd_df, Opt_minix_df, Opt_grpid, Opt_nogrpid,
Opt_resgid, Opt_resuid, Opt_sb, Opt_err_cont, Opt_err_panic,
Opt_err_ro, Opt_nouid32, Opt_nocheck, Opt_debug,
Opt_oldalloc, Opt_orlov, Opt_nobh, Opt_user_xattr, Opt_nouser_xattr,
Opt_acl, Opt_noacl, Opt_xip, Opt_ignore, Opt_err, Opt_quota,
Opt_usrquota, Opt_grpquota, Opt_reservation, Opt_noreservation
};
/*文件系统的选项和对应的参数字符串*/
static match_table_t tokens = {
{Opt_bsd_df, "bsddf"},
{Opt_minix_df, "minixdf"},
{Opt_grpid, "grpid"},
{Opt_grpid, "bsdgroups"},
{Opt_nogrpid, "nogrpid"},
{Opt_nogrpid, "sysvgroups"},
{Opt_resgid, "resgid=%u"},
{Opt_resuid, "resuid=%u"},
{Opt_sb, "sb=%u"},
{Opt_err_cont, "errors=continue"},
{Opt_err_panic, "errors=panic"},
{Opt_err_ro, "errors=remount-ro"},
{Opt_nouid32, "nouid32"},
{Opt_nocheck, "check=none"},
{Opt_nocheck, "nocheck"},
{Opt_debug, "debug"},
{Opt_oldalloc, "oldalloc"},
{Opt_orlov, "orlov"},
{Opt_nobh, "nobh"},
{Opt_user_xattr, "user_xattr"},
{Opt_nouser_xattr, "nouser_xattr"},
{Opt_acl, "acl"},
{Opt_noacl, "noacl"},
{Opt_xip, "xip"},
{Opt_grpquota, "grpquota"},
{Opt_ignore, "noquota"},
{Opt_quota, "quota"},
{Opt_usrquota, "usrquota"},
{Opt_reservation, "reservation"},
{Opt_noreservation, "noreservation"},
{Opt_err, NULL}
};
/*转化参数字符串，变成ext2_sb_info结构体上相应的位*/
static int parse_options (char * options,
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi)
{
char * p;
substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
int option;
/*字符串不可以是NULL*/
if (!options)
return 1;
/*大循环，一个一个转换字符串为ext2_sb_info的flag，每次读取逗号之间的*/
while ((p = strsep (&options, ",")) != NULL) {
int token;
/*空的，读下一个*/
if (!*p)
continue;
/*在tokens数组里寻找和p指针指向的字符串选项匹配的选项*/
token = match_token(p, tokens, args);
/*在ext2_sb_info的相应位上设置*/
switch (token) {
case Opt_bsd_df:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, MINIX_DF);
break;
case Opt_minix_df:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, MINIX_DF);
break;
case Opt_grpid:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, GRPID);
break;
case Opt_nogrpid:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, GRPID);
break;
case Opt_resuid:
if (match_int(&args[0], &option))
return 0;
sbi->s_resuid = option;
break;
case Opt_resgid:
if (match_int(&args[0], &option))
return 0;
sbi->s_resgid = option;
break;
case Opt_sb:
/* handled by get_sb_block() instead of here */
/* *sb_block = match_int(&args[0]); */
break;
case Opt_err_panic:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_CONT);
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_RO);
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_PANIC);
break;
case Opt_err_ro:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_CONT);
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_PANIC);
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_RO);
break;
case Opt_err_cont:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_RO);
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_PANIC);
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_CONT);
break;
case Opt_nouid32:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, NO_UID32);
break;
case Opt_nocheck:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, CHECK);
break;
case Opt_debug:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, DEBUG);
break;
case Opt_oldalloc:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, OLDALLOC);
break;
case Opt_orlov:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, OLDALLOC);
break;
case Opt_nobh:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, NOBH);
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR
case Opt_user_xattr:
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, XATTR_USER);
break;
case Opt_nouser_xattr:
clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, XATTR_USER);
break;
#else
case Opt_user_xattr:
case Opt_nouser_xattr:
printk("EXT2 (no)user_xattr options not supported\n");
break;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
case Opt_acl:
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, POSIX_ACL);
break;
case Opt_noacl:
clear_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, POSIX_ACL);
break;
#else
case Opt_acl:
case Opt_noacl:
printk("EXT2 (no)acl options not supported\n");
break;
#endif
case Opt_xip:
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP
set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, XIP);
#else
printk("EXT2 xip option not supported\n");
#endif
break;
#if defined(CONFIG_QUOTA)
case Opt_quota:
case Opt_usrquota:
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, USRQUOTA);
break;
case Opt_grpquota:
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, GRPQUOTA);
break;
#else
case Opt_quota:
case Opt_usrquota:
case Opt_grpquota:
printk(KERN_ERR
"EXT2-fs: quota operations not supported.\n");
break;
#endif
case Opt_reservation:
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, RESERVATION);
printk("reservations ON\n");
break;
case Opt_noreservation:
clear_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, RESERVATION);
printk("reservations OFF\n");
break;
case Opt_ignore:
break;
default:
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
/*ext2的初始化超级块，read_only标志文件系统是不是只读挂载*/
static int ext2_setup_super (struct super_block * sb,
struct ext2_super_block * es,
int read_only)
{
int res = 0;
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
/*检查修改级别的参数是不是合法*/
if (le32_to_cpu(es->s_rev_level) > EXT2_MAX_SUPP_REV) {
printk ("EXT2-fs warning: revision level too high, "
"forcing read-only mode\n");
res = MS_RDONLY;
}
/*只读挂载就不用继续了*/
if (read_only)
return res;
/*合法位没有置位，说明文件系统没有经过检查，应当检查一下*/
if (!(sbi->s_mount_state & EXT2_VALID_FS))
printk ("EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, "
"running e2fsck is recommended\n");
/*如果挂在的时候有错误，打印信息*/
else if ((sbi->s_mount_state & EXT2_ERROR_FS))
printk ("EXT2-fs warning: mounting fs with errors, "
"running e2fsck is recommended\n");
/*文件系统最大挂载次数大于等于0，并且当前已经挂载超过最大次数了，打印警告信息*/
else if ((__s16) le16_to_cpu(es->s_max_mnt_count) >= 0 &&
le16_to_cpu(es->s_mnt_count) >=
(unsigned short) (__s16) le16_to_cpu(es->s_max_mnt_count))
printk ("EXT2-fs warning: maximal mount count reached, "
"running e2fsck is recommended\n");
/*检查是不是很长时间没有进行检查了，如果是，打印信息*/
else if (le32_to_cpu(es->s_checkinterval) &&
(le32_to_cpu(es->s_lastcheck) + le32_to_cpu(es->s_checkinterval) <= get_seconds()))
printk ("EXT2-fs warning: checktime reached, "
"running e2fsck is recommended\n");
/*如果文件系统的最大挂载次数字段为0，设置这个变量为缺省的EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT*/
if (!le16_to_cpu(es->s_max_mnt_count))
es->s_max_mnt_count = cpu_to_le16(EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT);
/*当前挂载的次数加一*/
es->s_mnt_count=cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(es->s_mnt_count) + 1);
ext2_write_super(sb);/*把这个超级块写入到设备上*/
if (test_opt (sb, DEBUG))/*调试信息的打印*/
printk ("[EXT II FS %s, %s, bs=%lu, fs=%lu, gc=%lu, "
"bpg=%lu, ipg=%lu, mo=%04lx]\n",
EXT2FS_VERSION, EXT2FS_DATE, sb->s_blocksize,
sbi->s_frag_size,
sbi->s_groups_count,
EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb),
EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb),
sbi->s_mount_opt);
return res;
}
/*ext2文件系统检查组描述符*/
static int ext2_check_descriptors (struct super_block * sb)
{
int i;
int desc_block = 0;//目前是第几块组描述符
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
/*第一个数据块块号*/
unsigned long first_block = le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_first_data_block);
unsigned long last_block;
struct ext2_group_desc * gdp = NULL;//组描述符的缓冲块
ext2_debug ("Checking group descriptors");
/*遍历每一个组*/
for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++)
{ /*判断当前遍历是不是到了最后一个组*/
if (i == sbi->s_groups_count - 1)
/*如果到了最后一个组，last_block指向最后一个块，因为最后一组可能由于边界的原因不是和之前的组有一样的块数目*/
last_block = le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_blocks_count) - 1;
else
/*last_block是本组最后一个块的块号*/
last_block = first_block +
(EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) - 1);
/*组描述符是放在连续的块上的，一个块有若干个描述符，如果当前组过了一个块，就使得gdp新的描述符块缓冲区，因为每一个块是对应一个缓冲区*/
if ((i % EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb)) == 0)
gdp = (struct ext2_group_desc *) sbi->s_group_desc[desc_block++]->b_data;
/*判断组描述符的块位图编号是不是合法（大于本组内第一个数据块，小于本组内最后一个块）*/
if (le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_block_bitmap) < first_block ||
le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_block_bitmap) > last_block)
{
ext2_error (sb, "ext2_check_descriptors",
"Block bitmap for group %d"
" not in group (block %lu)!",
i, (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_block_bitmap));
return 0;
}
/*inode位图的块编号是不是合法*/
if (le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_bitmap) < first_block ||
le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_bitmap) > last_block)
{
ext2_error (sb, "ext2_check_descriptors",
"Inode bitmap for group %d"
" not in group (block %lu)!",
i, (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_bitmap));
return 0;
}
/*判断inodetable的块编号是不是合法*/
if (le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table) < first_block ||
le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table) + sbi->s_itb_per_group - 1 >//s_itb_per_group为inode table占的块数
last_block)
{
ext2_error (sb, "ext2_check_descriptors",
"Inode table for group %d"
" not in group (block %lu)!",
i, (unsigned long) le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table));
return 0;
}
/*如果都合法，说明这个组描述符是正确的，我们去找下一个组，first_block指向下一个组的第一个块的块号*/
first_block += EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
/*组描述符指针指向下一个*/
gdp++;
}
return 1;
}
/*
* Maximal file size. There is a direct, and {,double-,triple-}indirect
* block limit, and also a limit of (2^32 - 1) 512-byte sectors in i_blocks.
* We need to be 1 filesystem block less than the 2^32 sector limit.
*//* 返回ext2文件系统的最大文件大小，因为ext2支持三重间接连接块 */
static loff_t ext2_max_size(int bits)
{ /*res先赋值为直接块的数目*/
loff_t res = EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS;
/* This constant is calculated to be the largest file size for a
* dense, 4k-blocksize file such that the total number of
* sectors in the file, including data and all indirect blocks,
* does not exceed 2^32. */
const loff_t upper_limit = 0x1ff7fffd000LL;/*文件大小上限，不超过32位大小限制*/
/*一级间接块大小*/
res += 1LL << (bits-2);
res += 1LL << (2*(bits-2)); /*二级间接块大小*/
res += 1LL << (3*(bits-2));/*三级间接块大小*/
res <<= bits;
if (res > upper_limit)/*超过最大限制，修改下*/
res = upper_limit;
return res;
}
//返回第nr个组描述符的快号
static unsigned long descriptor_loc(struct super_block *sb,
unsigned long logic_sb_block,
int nr)
{
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
unsigned long bg, first_data_block, first_meta_bg;
int has_super = 0;
/*文件系统的第一个数据块的块号*/
first_data_block = le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_first_data_block);
first_meta_bg = le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_first_meta_bg);/*第一个处理块组*/
if (!EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) ||
nr < first_meta_bg)
return (logic_sb_block + nr + 1);
bg = sbi->s_desc_per_block * nr;
if (ext2_bg_has_super(sb, bg))/*如果这个块组有超级块*/
has_super = 1;
return (first_data_block + has_super + (bg * sbi->s_blocks_per_group));//first_meta_bg块全是存储的描述符
}
/*ext2的填充超级块的函数*/
static int ext2_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
{
struct buffer_head * bh;
struct ext2_sb_info * sbi;
struct ext2_super_block * es;
struct inode *root;
unsigned long block;
/*之前讲过的函数，从data的字符串参数中获得超级块的块号*/
unsigned long sb_block = get_sb_block(&data);
unsigned long logic_sb_block;
unsigned long offset = 0;
unsigned long def_mount_opts;
int blocksize = BLOCK_SIZE;
int db_count;
int i, j;
__le32 features;
int err;
/*分配超级块在内存的信息结构体ext2_sb_info*/
sbi = kzalloc(sizeof(*sbi), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!sbi)
return -ENOMEM;
sb->s_fs_info = sbi;
sbi->s_sb_block = sb_block;
/*
* See what the current blocksize for the device is, and
* use that as the blocksize. Otherwise (or if the blocksize
* is smaller than the default) use the default.
* This is important for devices that have a hardware
* sectorsize that is larger than the default.
*//* 看一下当前的设备的块大小，使用作为文件系统的块大小 */
blocksize = sb_min_blocksize(sb, BLOCK_SIZE);
if (!blocksize) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: unable to set blocksize\n");
goto failed_sbi;
}
/*
* If the superblock doesn't start on a hardware sector boundary,
* calculate the offset.
*//* 如果块大小不一致，那么刚才获得的超级块也不对了 */
if (blocksize != BLOCK_SIZE) {
logic_sb_block = (sb_block*BLOCK_SIZE) / blocksize;
offset = (sb_block*BLOCK_SIZE) % blocksize;
} else {
logic_sb_block = sb_block;
}
/*得到了超级块的块号，就可以读取超级块了*/
if (!(bh = sb_bread(sb, logic_sb_block))) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: unable to read superblock\n");
goto failed_sbi;
}
/*
* Note: s_es must be initialized as soon as possible because
* some ext2 macro-instructions depend on its value
*//* 使用ext2_super_block指针es指向缓冲区中ext2的超级块 */
es = (struct ext2_super_block *) (((char *)bh->b_data) + offset);
sbi->s_es = es;//指向缓冲区中超级快的指针
/*根据读取到的超级块信息填充vfs层的文件系统超级块结构体*/
sb->s_magic = le16_to_cpu(es->s_magic);
/*魔数如果不是ext2的，说明不是ext2文件系统，直接退出吧*/
if (sb->s_magic != EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)
goto cantfind_ext2;
/* 设置sbi结构体，在我们转化挂载选项的之前，先设置为缺省值*/
/* Set defaults before we parse the mount options */
def_mount_opts = le32_to_cpu(es->s_default_mount_opts);
/*调试选项，用户id和组id，*/
if (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_DEBUG)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, DEBUG);
if (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_BSDGROUPS)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, GRPID);
if (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_UID16)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, NO_UID32);
/*属性选项*/
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR
if (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_XATTR_USER)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, XATTR_USER);
#endif
/*是不是支持acl*/
#ifdef CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
if (def_mount_opts & EXT2_DEFM_ACL)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, POSIX_ACL);
#endif
/*记录发生的错误*/
if (le16_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_errors) == EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_PANIC);
else if (le16_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_errors) == EXT2_ERRORS_RO)
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_RO);
else
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, ERRORS_CONT);
/*保留uid和gid*/
sbi->s_resuid = le16_to_cpu(es->s_def_resuid);
sbi->s_resgid = le16_to_cpu(es->s_def_resgid);
set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, RESERVATION);
/*转化选项并设置*/
if (!parse_options ((char *) data, sbi))
goto failed_mount;
/*acl转化*/
sb->s_flags = (sb->s_flags & ~MS_POSIXACL) |
((EXT2_SB(sb)->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_POSIX_ACL) ?
MS_POSIXACL : 0);
/*看块设备是不是支持片内操作*/
ext2_xip_verify_sb(sb); /* see if bdev supports xip, unset
EXT2_MOUNT_XIP if not */
/*修改级别和feature是不是适合*/
if (le32_to_cpu(es->s_rev_level) == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV &&
(EXT2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, ~0U) ||
EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, ~0U) ||
EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, ~0U)))
printk("EXT2-fs warning: feature flags set on rev 0 fs, "
"running e2fsck is recommended\n");
/*
* Check feature flags regardless of the revision level, since we
* previously didn't change the revision level when setting the flags,
* so there is a chance incompat flags are set on a rev 0 filesystem.
*//*选项检查*/
features = EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, ~EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_SUPP);
if (features) {
printk("EXT2-fs: %s: couldn't mount because of "
"unsupported optional features (%x).\n",
sb->s_id, le32_to_cpu(features));
goto failed_mount;
}
/*如果文件系统不是只读挂载，且feature字段不支持，返回挂载失败*/
if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) &&
(features = EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, ~EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SUPP))){
printk("EXT2-fs: %s: couldn't mount RDWR because of "
"unsupported optional features (%x).\n",
sb->s_id, le32_to_cpu(features));
goto failed_mount;
}
/*取到ext2_super_block中保存的blocksize */
blocksize = BLOCK_SIZE << le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_log_block_size);
/*片内执行的设备的话，实际的块大小和我们猜想的不一致，就不支持*/
if ((ext2_use_xip(sb)) && ((blocksize != PAGE_SIZE) ||
(sb->s_blocksize != blocksize))) {
if (!silent)
printk("XIP: Unsupported blocksize\n");
goto failed_mount;
}
/* 如果读取到的真实的块大小不匹配的话 */
/* If the blocksize doesn't match, re-read the thing.. */
if (sb->s_blocksize != blocksize) {
brelse(bh);
/*先设置块大小，如果失败了，说明设置的快大小太小*/
if (!sb_set_blocksize(sb, blocksize)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "EXT2-fs: blocksize too small for device.\n");
goto failed_sbi;
}
/*根据新的块大小重新计算超级块号和偏移*/
logic_sb_block = (sb_block*BLOCK_SIZE) / blocksize;
offset = (sb_block*BLOCK_SIZE) % blocksize;
bh = sb_bread(sb, logic_sb_block);
if(!bh) {
printk("EXT2-fs: Couldn't read superblock on "
"2nd try.\n");
goto failed_sbi;
}
es = (struct ext2_super_block *) (((char *)bh->b_data) + offset);
sbi->s_es = es;
if (es->s_magic != cpu_to_le16(EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: Magic mismatch, very weird !\n");
goto failed_mount;
}
}
/*继续用ext2_super_block中的内容来填充ext2_sb_info*/
/*文件的最大字节数*/
sb->s_maxbytes = ext2_max_size(sb->s_blocksize_bits);
/*根据修改级别的不同，inode的大小和开始编号不一样*/
if (le32_to_cpu(es->s_rev_level) == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
sbi->s_inode_size = EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE;
sbi->s_first_ino = EXT2_GOOD_OLD_FIRST_INO;
} else {
sbi->s_inode_size = le16_to_cpu(es->s_inode_size);
sbi->s_first_ino = le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_ino);
if ((sbi->s_inode_size < EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) ||
!is_power_of_2(sbi->s_inode_size) ||
(sbi->s_inode_size > blocksize)) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: unsupported inode size: %d\n",
sbi->s_inode_size);
goto failed_mount;
}
}
/*碎片的信息填充*/
sbi->s_frag_size = EXT2_MIN_FRAG_SIZE <<
le32_to_cpu(es->s_log_frag_size);
if (sbi->s_frag_size == 0)
goto cantfind_ext2;
sbi->s_frags_per_block = sb->s_blocksize / sbi->s_frag_size;
/*组的数据块数目，碎片数目，inode数目*/
sbi->s_blocks_per_group = le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_per_group);
sbi->s_frags_per_group = le32_to_cpu(es->s_frags_per_group);
sbi->s_inodes_per_group = le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_per_group);
if (EXT2_INODE_SIZE(sb) == 0)
goto cantfind_ext2;
/*每块的inode数*/
sbi->s_inodes_per_block = sb->s_blocksize / EXT2_INODE_SIZE(sb);
if (sbi->s_inodes_per_block == 0 || sbi->s_inodes_per_group == 0)
goto cantfind_ext2;
/*每组的inodetable块数目*/
sbi->s_itb_per_group = sbi->s_inodes_per_group /
sbi->s_inodes_per_block;
/*每块的描述符数目*/
sbi->s_desc_per_block = sb->s_blocksize /
sizeof (struct ext2_group_desc);
sbi->s_sbh = bh;
sbi->s_mount_state = le16_to_cpu(es->s_state);
sbi->s_addr_per_block_bits =
ilog2 (EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(sb));
sbi->s_desc_per_block_bits =
ilog2 (EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb));
if (sb->s_magic != EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)
goto cantfind_ext2;
/*设备的块大小是不是支持*/
if (sb->s_blocksize != bh->b_size) {
if (!silent)
printk ("VFS: Unsupported blocksize on dev "
"%s.\n", sb->s_id);
goto failed_mount;
}
/*碎片大小是不是不等于块大小*/
if (sb->s_blocksize != sbi->s_frag_size) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: fragsize %lu != blocksize %lu (not supported yet)\n",
sbi->s_frag_size, sb->s_blocksize);
goto failed_mount;
}
/*每组的块数目必须大于8*/
if (sbi->s_blocks_per_group > sb->s_blocksize * 8) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: #blocks per group too big: %lu\n",
sbi->s_blocks_per_group);
goto failed_mount;
}/*每组的碎片必须多于8块*/
if (sbi->s_frags_per_group > sb->s_blocksize * 8) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: #fragments per group too big: %lu\n",
sbi->s_frags_per_group);
goto failed_mount;
}/*inode必须多于8块*/
if (sbi->s_inodes_per_group > sb->s_blocksize * 8) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: #inodes per group too big: %lu\n",
sbi->s_inodes_per_group);
goto failed_mount;
}
if (EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) == 0)
goto cantfind_ext2;
/*记录组的数目*/
sbi->s_groups_count = ((le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count) -
le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block) - 1)
/ EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)) + 1;
db_count = (sbi->s_groups_count + EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1) /
EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
/*为组描述符分配空间*/
sbi->s_group_desc = kmalloc (db_count * sizeof (struct buffer_head *), GFP_KERNEL);
if (sbi->s_group_desc == NULL) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: not enough memory\n");
goto failed_mount;
}
bgl_lock_init(&sbi->s_blockgroup_lock);
/*文件系统的负载分配空间*/
sbi->s_debts = kcalloc(sbi->s_groups_count, sizeof(*sbi->s_debts), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!sbi->s_debts) {
printk ("EXT2-fs: not enough memory\n");
goto failed_mount_group_desc;
}
/*初始化每一组的负载的值，并读入组描述符*/
for (i = 0; i < db_count; i++) {
block = descriptor_loc(sb, logic_sb_block, i);//定位第i个组描述符的块号
sbi->s_group_desc[i] = sb_bread(sb, block);//读入快
if (!sbi->s_group_desc[i]) {//如果读入失败
for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
brelse (sbi->s_group_desc[j]);
printk ("EXT2-fs: unable to read group descriptors\n");
goto failed_mount_group_desc;
}
}
if (!ext2_check_descriptors (sb)) {/*ext2文件系统检查组描述符一致性*/
printk ("EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted!\n");
goto failed_mount2;
}
sbi->s_gdb_count = db_count;
get_random_bytes(&sbi->s_next_generation, sizeof(u32));
spin_lock_init(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
/* per fileystem reservation list head & lock */
spin_lock_init(&sbi->s_rsv_window_lock);
sbi->s_rsv_window_root = RB_ROOT;
/*
* Add a single, static dummy reservation to the start of the
* reservation window list --- it gives us a placeholder for
* append-at-start-of-list which makes the allocation logic
* _much_ simpler.
*/
sbi->s_rsv_window_head.rsv_start = EXT2_RESERVE_WINDOW_NOT_ALLOCATED;
sbi->s_rsv_window_head.rsv_end = EXT2_RESERVE_WINDOW_NOT_ALLOCATED;
sbi->s_rsv_window_head.rsv_alloc_hit = 0;
sbi->s_rsv_window_head.rsv_goal_size = 0;
ext2_rsv_window_add(sb, &sbi->s_rsv_window_head);
/*初始化percpu相关的几个变量*/
err = percpu_counter_init(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter,
ext2_count_free_blocks(sb));
if (!err) {
err = percpu_counter_init(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter,
ext2_count_free_inodes(sb));
}
if (!err) {
err = percpu_counter_init(&sbi->s_dirs_counter,
ext2_count_dirs(sb));
}
if (err) {
printk(KERN_ERR "EXT2-fs: insufficient memory\n");
goto failed_mount3;
}
/*/*初始化ok
* set up enough so that it can read an inode
*/
sb->s_op = &ext2_sops;
sb->s_export_op = &ext2_export_ops;
sb->s_xattr = ext2_xattr_handlers;/*开始读入根节点的inode*/
root = iget(sb, EXT2_ROOT_INO);
sb->s_root = d_alloc_root(root);
/*检查读入的inode是不是有问题*/
if (!sb->s_root) {
iput(root);
printk(KERN_ERR "EXT2-fs: get root inode failed\n");
goto failed_mount3;
}
if (!S_ISDIR(root->i_mode) || !root->i_blocks || !root->i_size) {
dput(sb->s_root);
sb->s_root = NULL;
printk(KERN_ERR "EXT2-fs: corrupt root inode, run e2fsck\n");
goto failed_mount3;
}
if (EXT2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL))
ext2_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__,
"mounting ext3 filesystem as ext2");
/*检查超级块，检查完写入设备（装载操作会修改超级快的某些值，装载计数，上一次装载日期）*/
ext2_setup_super (sb, es, sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY);
return 0;
cantfind_ext2:
if (!silent)
printk("VFS: Can't find an ext2 filesystem on dev %s.\n",
sb->s_id);
goto failed_mount;
failed_mount3:
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
percpu_counter_destroy(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
failed_mount2:
for (i = 0; i < db_count; i++)
brelse(sbi->s_group_desc[i]);
failed_mount_group_desc:
kfree(sbi->s_group_desc);
kfree(sbi->s_debts);
failed_mount:
brelse(bh);
failed_sbi:
sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
kfree(sbi);
return -EINVAL;
}
/*提交超级块的修改*/
static void ext2_commit_super (struct super_block * sb,
struct ext2_super_block * es)
{/*记录修改时间，标记超级块脏*/
es->s_wtime = cpu_to_le32(get_seconds());
mark_buffer_dirty(EXT2_SB(sb)->s_sbh);
sb->s_dirt = 0;
}
/*同步超级块和硬盘上的*/
static void ext2_sync_super(struct super_block *sb, struct ext2_super_block *es)
{ /*更新空闲块和inode的信息，以及修改时间*/
es->s_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le32(ext2_count_free_blocks(sb));
es->s_free_inodes_count = cpu_to_le32(ext2_count_free_inodes(sb));
es->s_wtime = cpu_to_le32(get_seconds());
/*标记脏，然后同步*/
mark_buffer_dirty(EXT2_SB(sb)->s_sbh);
sync_dirty_buffer(EXT2_SB(sb)->s_sbh);
/*同步ok，标记不脏*/
sb->s_dirt = 0;
}
/*
* In the second extended file system, it is not necessary to
* write the super block since we use a mapping of the
* disk super block in a buffer.
*
* However, this function is still used to set the fs valid
* flags to 0. We need to set this flag to 0 since the fs
* may have been checked while mounted and e2fsck may have
* set s_state to EXT2_VALID_FS after some corrections.
*/
/*ext2写入超级块结构体到硬盘上 */
void ext2_write_super (struct super_block * sb)
{
struct ext2_super_block * es;
lock_kernel();
/*只读挂载的是不可以写的*/
if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;/*得到ext2_super_block结构体*/
/*如果状态是合法的文件系统的话*/
if (le16_to_cpu(es->s_state) & EXT2_VALID_FS) {
ext2_debug ("setting valid to 0\n");
/*记录一些信息*/
es->s_state = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(es->s_state) &
~EXT2_VALID_FS);
es->s_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le32(ext2_count_free_blocks(sb));
es->s_free_inodes_count = cpu_to_le32(ext2_count_free_inodes(sb));
es->s_mtime = cpu_to_le32(get_seconds());
/*然后同步*/
ext2_sync_super(sb, es);
} else
/*不可写，就不进行实际上的写操作*/
ext2_commit_super (sb, es);
}
sb->s_dirt = 0;
unlock_kernel();
}
/*ext2的重新挂载操作*/
static int ext2_remount (struct super_block * sb, int * flags, char * data)
{
struct ext2_sb_info * sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
struct ext2_super_block * es;
unsigned long old_mount_opt = sbi->s_mount_opt;
struct ext2_mount_options old_opts;
unsigned long old_sb_flags;
int err;
/* 存储原先挂载的选项 */
/* Store the old options */
old_sb_flags = sb->s_flags;
old_opts.s_mount_opt = sbi->s_mount_opt;
old_opts.s_resuid = sbi->s_resuid;
old_opts.s_resgid = sbi->s_resgid;
/*
* Allow the "check" option to be passed as a remount option.
*//* 转化选项 ，将data中相应选项保存入sbi*/
if (!parse_options (data, sbi)) {
err = -EINVAL;
goto restore_opts;
}
/*原来的acl的flag转化为sb指针结构体上的flag*/
sb->s_flags = (sb->s_flags & ~MS_POSIXACL) |
((sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_POSIX_ACL) ? MS_POSIXACL : 0);
/*看看块设备是不是支持xip，如果不支持，EXT2_MOUNT_XIP位就取消掉*/
ext2_xip_verify_sb(sb); /* see if bdev supports xip, unset
EXT2_MOUNT_XIP if not */
/*如果使用了xip块大小就必须等于页大小*/
if ((ext2_use_xip(sb)) && (sb->s_blocksize != PAGE_SIZE)) {
printk("XIP: Unsupported blocksize\n");
err = -EINVAL;
goto restore_opts;
}
es = sbi->s_es;
if (((sbi->s_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_XIP) !=
(old_mount_opt & EXT2_MOUNT_XIP)) &&
invalidate_inodes(sb))
ext2_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__, "busy inodes while remounting "\
"xip remain in cache (no functional problem)");
/*都是只读挂载的时候，就可以结束了*/
if ((*flags & MS_RDONLY) == (sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY))
return 0;
/*新的flag是只读的*/
if (*flags & MS_RDONLY) {
if (le16_to_cpu(es->s_state) & EXT2_VALID_FS ||
!(sbi->s_mount_state & EXT2_VALID_FS))
return 0;
/*
* OK, we are remounting a valid rw partition rdonly, so set
* the rdonly flag and then mark the partition as valid again.
*//* 把原来的读写挂载变成只读挂载 */
es->s_state = cpu_to_le16(sbi->s_mount_state);
es->s_mtime = cpu_to_le32(get_seconds());
} else {
__le32 ret = EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
~EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SUPP);
if (ret) {
printk("EXT2-fs: %s: couldn't remount RDWR because of "
"unsupported optional features (%x).\n",
sb->s_id, le32_to_cpu(ret));
err = -EROFS;
goto restore_opts;
}
/*
* Mounting a RDONLY partition read-write, so reread and
* store the current valid flag. (It may have been changed
* by e2fsck since we originally mounted the partition.)
*//* 把一个只读挂载变成读写挂载 */
sbi->s_mount_state = le16_to_cpu(es->s_state);
if (!ext2_setup_super (sb, es, 0))
sb->s_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
}
ext2_sync_super(sb, es);
return 0;
restore_opts:
sbi->s_mount_opt = old_opts.s_mount_opt;
sbi->s_resuid = old_opts.s_resuid;
sbi->s_resgid = old_opts.s_resgid;
sb->s_flags = old_sb_flags;
return err;
}
/*把ext2的状态存到kstatfs指针里*/
static int ext2_statfs (struct dentry * dentry, struct kstatfs * buf)
{
struct super_block *sb = dentry->d_sb;//目录对象所在的超级块
struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);//超级块的内存信息
struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;//超级块的磁盘信息
u64 fsid;
/*先计算第一个数据块前边的块数目，如果有宏，就是0*/
if (test_opt (sb, MINIX_DF))
sbi->s_overhead_last = 0;//上次计算管理数据的开销
else if (sbi->s_blocks_last != le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)) {//上次计算的快数！=磁盘上块数
unsigned long i, overhead = 0;
smp_rmb();
/*
* Compute the overhead (FS structures). This is constant
* for a given filesystem unless the number of block groups
* changes so we cache the previous value until it does.计算开销（FS结构）。
除非块组的数量发生更改，否则这对于给定的文件系统而言是恒定的，因此我们将缓存先前的值，
直到它改变为止。
*/
/*
* All of the blocks before first_data_block are
* overhead
*/
overhead = le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
/*
* Add the overhead attributed to the superblock and
* block group descriptors. If the sparse superblocks
* feature is turned on, then not all groups have this.
*//* 增加前边的每组的超级块和描述符 为overhead*/
for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++)
overhead += ext2_bg_has_super(sb, i) +
ext2_bg_num_gdb(sb, i);
/*
* Every block group has an inode bitmap, a block
* bitmap, and an inode table.
*//* inode位图，块位图，inodetable */
overhead += (sbi->s_groups_count *
(2 + sbi->s_itb_per_group));
sbi->s_overhead_last = overhead;
smp_wmb();
sbi->s_blocks_last = le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count);
}
/*填充buf，文件系统魔数，块大小，块数，空闲数据块数目*/
buf->f_type = EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC;
buf->f_bsize = sb->s_blocksize;
buf->f_blocks = le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count) - sbi->s_overhead_last;
buf->f_bfree = ext2_count_free_blocks(sb);
es->s_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le32(buf->f_bfree);
buf->f_bavail = buf->f_bfree - le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count);/*除去保留块的空闲块数*/
if (buf->f_bfree < le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count))
buf->f_bavail = 0;
buf->f_files = le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count);/*inode数目*/
buf->f_ffree = ext2_count_free_inodes(sb);/*空闲inode*/
es->s_free_inodes_count = cpu_to_le32(buf->f_ffree);
buf->f_namelen = EXT2_NAME_LEN;/*最大名称长度*/
fsid = le64_to_cpup((void *)es->s_uuid) ^/*fsuid*/
le64_to_cpup((void *)es->s_uuid + sizeof(u64));
buf->f_fsid.val[0] = fsid & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
buf->f_fsid.val[1] = (fsid >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
return 0;
}
/*得到设备的超级块*/
static int ext2_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt)
{
return get_sb_bdev(fs_type, flags, dev_name, data, ext2_fill_super, mnt);
}
/*配额的函数*/
#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
/* Read data from quotafile - avoid pagecache and such because we cannot afford
* acquiring the locks... As quota files are never truncated and quota code
* itself serializes the operations (and noone else should touch the files)
* we don't have to be afraid of races *//* 从配额文件里读取数据 */
static ssize_t ext2_quota_read(struct super_block *sb, int type, char *data,
size_t len, loff_t off)
{ /*得到硬盘上的配额文件的inode*/
struct inode *inode = sb_dqopt(sb)->files[type];
sector_t blk = off >> EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb);
int err = 0;
int offset = off & (sb->s_blocksize - 1);
int tocopy;
size_t toread;
struct buffer_head tmp_bh;
struct buffer_head *bh;
/*得到文件的大小*/
loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
/*偏移超过文件大小，出错了*/
if (off > i_size)
return 0;
/*读的长度超出文件尾部，也不可能*/
if (off+len > i_size)
len = i_size-off;
toread = len;
while (toread > 0) {
/*将要读的长度*/
tocopy = sb->s_blocksize - offset < toread ?
sb->s_blocksize - offset : toread;
tmp_bh.b_state = 0;
/*读取文件内容*/
err = ext2_get_block(inode, blk, &tmp_bh, 0);
if (err < 0)
return err;
/*如果没有映射，赋值为0*/
if (!buffer_mapped(&tmp_bh)) /* A hole? */
memset(data, 0, tocopy);
else {
bh = sb_bread(sb, tmp_bh.b_blocknr);
if (!bh)
return -EIO;
memcpy(data, bh->b_data+offset, tocopy);
brelse(bh);
}
offset = 0;
toread -= tocopy;
data += tocopy;
blk++;
}
return len;
}
/* Write to quotafile *//* 写数据到配额文件 */
static ssize_t ext2_quota_write(struct super_block *sb, int type,
const char *data, size_t len, loff_t off)
{
struct inode *inode = sb_dqopt(sb)->files[type];
sector_t blk = off >> EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb);
int err = 0;
int offset = off & (sb->s_blocksize - 1);
int tocopy;
size_t towrite = len;
struct buffer_head tmp_bh;
struct buffer_head *bh;
mutex_lock_nested(&inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_QUOTA);
while (towrite > 0) {/*循环写入*/
tocopy = sb->s_blocksize - offset < towrite ?/*先写的数据长度*/
sb->s_blocksize - offset : towrite;
tmp_bh.b_state = 0;/*得到要写入的文件*/
err = ext2_get_block(inode, blk, &tmp_bh, 1);
if (err < 0)
goto out;
if (offset || tocopy != EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(sb))/*得到缓冲区*/
bh = sb_bread(sb, tmp_bh.b_blocknr);
else
bh = sb_getblk(sb, tmp_bh.b_blocknr);
if (!bh) {
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
lock_buffer(bh);
memcpy(bh->b_data+offset, data, tocopy);/*复制数据到文件缓冲区*/
flush_dcache_page(bh->b_page);/*清空缓冲区，写入到设备上*/
set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
unlock_buffer(bh);
brelse(bh);
offset = 0;/*更新这些变量*/
towrite -= tocopy;
data += tocopy;
blk++;
}
out:
if (len == towrite)
return err;
if (inode->i_size < off+len-towrite)
i_size_write(inode, off+len-towrite);
inode->i_version++;
inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
mark_inode_dirty(inode);
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
return len - towrite;
}
#endif
/*ext2文件系统类型结构体*/
static struct file_system_type ext2_fs_type = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.name = "ext2",
.get_sb = ext2_get_sb,
.kill_sb = kill_block_super,
.fs_flags = FS_REQUIRES_DEV,
};
/*ext2的模块初始化*/
static int __init init_ext2_fs(void)
{/*初始化属性*/
int err = init_ext2_xattr();
if (err)
return err;
err = init_inodecache();/*初始化inode缓存*/
if (err)
goto out1;
err = register_filesystem(&ext2_fs_type);/*登记ext2*/
if (err)
goto out;
return 0;
out:
destroy_inodecache();
out1:
exit_ext2_xattr();
return err;
}
/*ext2的模块清理*/
static void __exit exit_ext2_fs(void)
{ /*注销ext2*/
unregister_filesystem(&ext2_fs_type);
destroy_inodecache();
exit_ext2_xattr();
}
module_init(init_ext2_fs)
module_exit(exit_ext2_fs)
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