Coursera---Scala课程 第二周笔记

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Higher-Order Functions

     这被称为“高阶函数”，既可以当参数传，也可以当返回值。

 最早的形式

def sum(f: Int => Int, a: Int, b: Int): Int =
     if (a > b) 0
else f(a) + sum(f, a + 1, b)

def sumInts(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(id, a, b)
def sumCubes(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(cube, a, b)
def sumFactorials(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(fact, a, b)

def id(x: Int): Int = x
def cube(x: Int): Int = x * x * x
def fact(x: Int): Int = if (x == 0) 1 else fact(x - 1)

 Anonymous(匿名函数)

        例如： (x: Int) => x * x * x 

        下面是匿名函数的定义形式：

               (x1 : T1; :::; xn : Tn) ) E

        等价于

               {def f(x1 : T1; :::; xn : Tn) = E; f }

         匿名函数的形式          

def sumInts(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(x => x, a, b)
def sumCubes(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(x => x * x * x, a, b)
def sumFactorials(a: Int, b: Int) = sum(fact, a, b)  

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Currying

      柯里化

返回函数的函数   

     例如：

         def sum(f: Int => Int): (Int, Int) => Int = {
              def sumF(a: Int, b: Int): Int =
              if (a > b) 0
                   else f(a) + sumF(a + 1, b)
               sumF
          }

     然后可以def这么定义：

     def sumInts = sum(x => x)
     def sumCubes = sum(x => x * x * x)
     def sumFactorials = sum(fact)

    也可以用值定义

             val sumInts = sum(x => x)
             val sumCubes = sum(x => x * x * x)
             val sumFactorials = sum(fact)

    如何使用？

          sumCubes(1, 10) + sumFactorials(10, 20)

    对于这种返回函数的函数，Scala有专门的符合来来编程：

def sum(f: Int => Int)(a: Int, b: Int): Int =
if (a > b) 0 else f(a) + sum(f)(a + 1, b)

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