CentOS 静默安装 Oracle 12c

wenlaishiwo

已于 2024-01-16 16:08:01 修改

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文章标签： centos oracle linux

于 2023-09-04 16:23:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wenlaishiwo/article/details/132663783

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环境配置

确认磁盘目录

确认磁盘目录，避免安装到root盘

[root@oracle-1 ~]# df -h

文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G  8.9M  7.8G    1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   93G  1.9G   92G    3% /
/dev/sda1                497M  226M  272M   46% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-data  102G  205M  102G    1% /u12
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G    0% /run/user/0

修改主机名和hosts

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl status
   Static hostname: oracle
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: ax**fw
           Boot ID: v**
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.92.1.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   oracle  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         oracle  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#实际ip要添加，否则netca执行时报端口 1521 被占用
192.168.18.20 oracle

关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

关闭 selinux

[root@localhost ~]#  vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
#SELINUX=enforcing #默认为此，修改为 disabled
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

确认已关闭Transparent HugePages

[root@localhost ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never

检查与配置分区大小

RAM为1-2GB时，SWAP大小建议为RAM大小的 1.5 倍

RAM为2-16GB时，SWAP大小建议与RAM大小相等

RAM大于16GB时，SWAP大小建议为 16GB

free -m
mkdir /swapvol
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapvol/swapfile bs=1M count=10240
mkswap /swapvol/swapfile
swapon /swapvol/swapfile
vi /etc/fstab
#文件末尾添加此行
/swapvol/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

更改 yum 镜像源

#检查是否已安装 wget
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep wget
#若未安装，安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget
#更改镜像源
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#执行更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
[root@localhost ~]# yum update

#配置阿里云epel源(理解是部分扩展包可从此下载)
[root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup
[root@localhost ~]#  mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup
[root@localhost ~]# wget /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

安装依赖包

可参考官网(compat-openssl10,libnsl 装不上)
在这里插入图片描述

rpm -q bc binutils compat-openssl10 elfutils-libelf glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libnsl libstdc++ libxcb libibverbs make smartmontools  sysstat compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc-headers libaio-deve libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* unzip compat-libcap1
yum -y install compat-openssl10  ksh   libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXtst   libnsl   libxcb libibverbs   smartmontools  sysstat compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33  gcc-c++   libaio-deve libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel   compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc*   libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* unzip compat-libcap1

创建用户组和用户

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 506 asmdba
groupadd -g 505 asmoper
groupadd backupdba
groupadd dgdba
groupadd kmdba
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle

创建文件目录和授权

mkdir /u12
mkdir -p /u12/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u12
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u12
chmod -R 775 /u12
chmod g+s /u12

上传oracle安装文件压缩包

从官网下载linux压缩包
通过mobaXterm上传压缩包到/u12
在这里插入图片描述

上传 3 份响应文件（提前配置好）

1、db_install.rsp
2、netca.rsp
3、dbca.rsp

修改Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

写入以下内容

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

重启生效

sysctl -p

修改用设置限定

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle   soft   nofile   1024
oracle   hard   nofile   65536
oracle   soft   nproc    2047
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768

配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile

#在末尾添加
# Oracle environment set
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                ulimit -p 16384
                ulimit -n 65536
        else
                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi 

#使生效
source /etc/profile

切换 oracle 用户, 配置oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle
vi .bash_profile

# Oracle Settings
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u12/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u12/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:$HOME/lib:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib


if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                ulimit -p 16384
                ulimit -n 65536
        else
                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
                umask 022
fi

使配置文件生效

source .bash_profile

安装 Oracle

切换 oracle 用户，解压缩到 /u12/database (database为压缩包内已存在的目录)

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /u12 
[oracle@oracle u12 ~]$ unzip oracle-12c-db.zip

执行文件1：安装

cd /u12/database
./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -responseFile /u12/db_install.rsp

在这里插入图片描述
切换 root 分别执行输出的2份文件

su - root 
/u12/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u12/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

检查日志，根据日志提示信息进行必要的修复(此示例为swap分区不够大和依赖包缺少)
在这里插入图片描述

执行文件2：监听

注：执行前检查 /etc/hosts 是否已经添加了ip映射
yourip oracle
在这里插入图片描述

su - oracle 
netca -silent -responsefile /u12/netca.rsp

在这里插入图片描述

执行文件3：创建库

su - oracle 
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u12/dbca.rsp

安装完毕，检查和使用数据库

sqlplus 连接确认

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

在这里插入图片描述

listener.ora & tnsnames.ora配置

listener.ora

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.  

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
  
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u12/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME=orcl)
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u12/app/oracle

tnsnames.ora

vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

ORCL =
    (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
            (SERVER=DEDICATED)
            (SERVICE_NAME=orcl)
        )
    )

重启监听服务

[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

重启数据库

SQL> shutdown;
SQL> startup;
SQL> alter system register;
SQL> quit;

监听确认

[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl reload
[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl status

在这里插入图片描述

防火墙开放端口

[root@oracle ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service
[root@oracle ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
#移除端口
#firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=1539/tcp
success
[root@oracle ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

[root@oracle ~]#  firewall-cmd --list-ports
1521/tcp 
[root@oracle ~]# netstat -lndtup | grep  1521
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1521            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      26871/tnslsnr

客户端连接确认（sql developer)

在这里插入图片描述

参考资源

安装参考资源：
[1]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44499403/article/details/118102218
[2]: https://blog.csdn.net/EricLeiy/article/details/84334390?app_version=6.1.2&code=app_1562916241&csdn_share_tail=%7B%22type%22%3A%22blog%22%2C%22rType%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22rId%22%3A%2284334390%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22wenlaishiwo%22%7D&uLinkId=usr1mkqgl919blen&utm_source=app
[3]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/241c205e5f64
[4]: https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-FBEBE161-994D-41B8-B29B-177B47C86D2A
[5]: https://blog.csdn.net/catoop/article/details/101643695
[6]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/23729b982e82
[7]: https://blog.csdn.net/ljunjie82/article/details/42214835
[8]: https://blog.csdn.net/panhaigang123/article/details/79147587