Servlet技术-02

今天主要分享在Servlet容器在2个核心对象HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse中常用的方法

1、RequestDispatcher调派请求

在web开发中经常是由多个Servlet来共同完成请求，RequestDispatcher接口就是为了多个Servlet之间的跳转而实现的，RequestDispatcher接口有2种方式实现跳转Servlet：include()和forward()

1.1、include()方法

include()方法可以在当前的Servlet中显示另外一个Servlet中的内容
将HelloServlet2中的内容插入到HelloServlet中

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 15:27
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/servlet1"},
        name = "helloServlet"
)
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        System.out.println("调用了doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)方法");
        String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2");
        requestDispatcher.include(req,resp);
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println("收到了"+servletPath+"请求");
//        不应该调用父类的super.doGet(req, resp)方法，否则会出现HTTP 405错误
//        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)方法");
        doGet(req,resp);
//        不应该调用父类的super.doPost(req, resp)方法，否则会出现HTTP 405错误
//        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("调用了destroy方法");
        super.destroy();
    }

    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("调用了init方法");
        super.init();
    }


}

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 17:07
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/servlet2"},
        name = "helloServlet2"
)
public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println("这是HelloServlet2</br>");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        super.destroy();
    }

    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        super.init();
    }
}

在浏览器中输入：

运行结果为：

1.2、forward()方法

定义3个类HelloServlet3、HelloServlet4、HelloUser，
HelloServlet3将请求转发到HelloServlet4，HelloServlet4将结果返回给浏览器，HelloUser模拟dao层

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 17:32
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/servlet3"},
        name = "helloServlet3"
)
public class HelloServlet3 extends HttpServlet {

    private HelloUser helloUser = new HelloUser();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String username1 = helloUser.getUsername(username);
        req.setAttribute("msg",username1);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet4").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 17:37
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/servlet4"},
        name = "helloServlet4"
)
public class HelloServlet4  extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String msg = (String)req.getAttribute("msg");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println(msg);
    }
}

package com.wen.servlet;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 17:31
 */
public class HelloUser {
    Map map=new HashMap<String,String>();

    public HelloUser() {
        map.put("11","join");
    }

    public String getUsername(String username){
        return (String) map.get(username);
    }
}

发送请求

结果为：

2、HttpServletResponse

HttpServletResponse是用于对浏览器做出响应的操作对象，使用setContentType()设置JSP响应类型，使用getWriter()取得PrintWriter对象，使用sendRedirect()、sendError()对页面进行重定向或者是发送错误信息。

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 19:39
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/servlet5"},
        name = "helloServlet5"
)
public class HelloServlet5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        必须在使用req.getParameter()之前设置才有效
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//        必须在使用resp.getWriter()之前设置才有效
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String city = req.getParameter("city");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println(name);
        out.println(city);
    }
}

<%--设定页面传递参数的编码格式，所有页面的编码格式要统一--%>
<%request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>form表单提交数据</title>
</head>
<br>
<form action="request_getParameter.jsp" method="post">
    姓名：<input name="name" type="text" value=""></br>
    城市：<input name="city" value="" type="text">
    <button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
</hr>
</br>
<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/servlet5" method="post">
    姓名：<input name="name" type="text" value=""></br>
    城市：<input name="city" value="" type="text">
    <button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

在浏览器中输入


响应结果为：

3、sendRedirect()方法

sendRedirect()方法不同于forward()方法，重定向客户端会发送2次请求给服务端，在Servlet容器中需要2个线程来分别处理这2次请求，所有在第一次请求的HttpServletRequest对象中设置属性值，并不会传递到第二次请求中，而转发可以，因为转发是在服务器端进行了一次跳转，客户端只发送了一次请求。

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 19:53
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/redirect1"},
        name = "redirectServlet"
)
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //        必须在使用req.getParameter()之前设置才有效
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//        必须在使用resp.getWriter()之前设置才有效
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        req.setAttribute("name", "1111");
        resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/redirect2");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println("aaaaaaaaa");
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }
}

package com.wen.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @author hw
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/8 19:54
 */
@WebServlet(
        urlPatterns = {"/redirect2"},
        name = "redirectServlet2"
)
public class RedirectServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //        必须在使用req.getParameter()之前设置才有效
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//        必须在使用resp.getWriter()之前设置才有效
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String name = (String)req.getAttribute("name");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println("重定向之后的内容");
        out.println(name);
        out.close();
    }
}

在浏览器中输入

发现地址栏的URL发生了变化，而且第一个Servlet处理第一次请求中设置的属性值也没有在第二个Servlet中获取到。