7.1 优雅断开套接字

1. 使用close，closesocket函数是单方面断开连接，不够优雅。调用了close意味着完全断开连接，不能发送也不能接收数据。

图中，A发送完数据后断开连接，之后主机再也不发接收B的数据，如此不够优雅。

2. 使用shutdown可以关闭其中的一个流。

#include <sys/socket.h>

int shutdown(int sock, int howto);
  成功返回0，失败返回-1

sock：需要断开的套接字文件描述符
howto：断开方式
    SHUT_RD：断开输入流
    SHUT_WR：断开输出流
    SHUT_RDWR：同时断开IO流

3. 基于半关闭的文件传输

file_client.c程序：

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
  
#define BUF_SIZE    30  
  
void error_handling(char *message);  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){  
    int sd;
    FILE *fp;  
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];  
    int read_cnt;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;  
  
    if(argc != 3){  
        printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n",argv[0]);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    
    fp = fopen("receive.dat","wb");
 
    sd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);  
    if(sd == -1){  
        error_handling("socket() error");  
    }  
  
    memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));  
    serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
    serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);  
    serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));  
  
    connect(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr));
    
    while((read_cnt = read(sd,buf,BUF_SIZE)) !=0 ){
	fwrite((void *)buf,1,read_cnt,fp);
    }
 
    puts("Received file data");
    write(sd,"Thank you",10);
    fclose(fp); 
    close(sd);  
  
    return 0;  
  
}  
  
void error_handling(char *message){  
  
    fputs(message,stderr);  
    fputs("\n",stderr);  
    exit(1);  
}  

执行结果：

alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip$ ./client 127.0.0.1 9190
Received file data
alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip$ ls
a.out          client         host1        server              uecho_server.c
bound_host1.c  file_client.c  host2        uecho_client.c
bound_host2.c  file_server.c  receive.dat  uecho_con_client.c
alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip$ cat receive.dat

file_server.c程序：

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
  
#define BUF_SIZE    30  
  
void error_handling(char *message);  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){  
    int serv_sd,clnt_sd;
    FILE *fp;  
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];  
    int read_cnt;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;  
    struct sockaddr_in clnt_adr;  
    socklen_t clnt_adr_sz;  
      
    if(argc != 2){  
        printf("Usage : %s <port>\n",argv[0]);  
        exit(1);  
    }  

    fp = fopen("file_server.c","rb");
    serv_sd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);  
    if(serv_sd == -1){  
        error_handling("socket() error");  
    }  
  
    memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));  
    serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
    serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);  
    serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));  
  
    if(bind(serv_sd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr)) == -1){  
        error_handling("bind() error");  
    }  
  
    listen(serv_sd,5);
    
    clnt_adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_adr);  
    clnt_sd = accept(serv_sd,(struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr,&clnt_adr_sz);

    while(1){  
        read_cnt = fread((void *)buf,1,BUF_SIZE,fp);
	if(read_cnt<BUF_SIZE){
	    write(clnt_sd,buf,read_cnt);
	    break;
    	}
	write(clnt_sd,buf,BUF_SIZE);
    }  
  
    shutdown(clnt_sd,SHUT_WR);
    read(clnt_sd,buf,BUF_SIZE);
    printf("Message from client:%s \n",buf);

    fclose(fp);
    close(clnt_sd); 
    close(serv_sd);
    return 0;  
}  
  
void error_handling(char *message){  
  
    fputs(message,stderr);  
    fputs("\n",stderr);  
    exit(1);  
}  

执行结果：

alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip$ gcc -o server file_server.c
alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip$ ./server 9190
Message from client:Thank you