实体之间的映射关系
1、一对一:一个公民对应一个身份证号码。
2、一对多(多对一):一个公民有多个银行账号。
3、多对多:一个学生可以有多个老师,一个老师有多个学生。
1、一对一单向外键
@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.All)
@JoinColumn(name="pid",unique=true)
例子:
student类
package com.txr.oto.fk;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
private int sid;
private IdCard card;
private String gender;
private Date birthday;
private String major;
@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name="pid",unique=true)
public IdCard getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(IdCard card) {
this.card = card;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getMajor() {
return major;
}
public void setMajor(String major) {
this.major = major;
}
public Student() {
}
public Student(IdCard card, String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
this.card = card;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
}
IdCard类
package com.txr.oto.fk;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
//身份证类
@Entity
public class IdCard {
private String pid;//身份证号码
private String sname;//学生的姓名
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="pid")
@GenericGenerator(name="pid",strategy="assigned")
@Column(length=18)
public String getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(String pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public IdCard(String pid, String sname) {
super();
this.pid = pid;
this.sname = sname;
}
public IdCard() {
}
}
运行结果:
org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not determine type for: com.txr.oto.fk.IdCard, at table: Student, for columns: [org.hibernate.mapping.Column(card)]
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.getType(SimpleValue.java:314)
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.isValid(SimpleValue.java:292)
at org.hibernate.mapping.Property.isValid(Property.java:239)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:483)
at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:270)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validate(Configuration.java:1329)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1791)
at oto_fk.TestStudent.testOneTOneAnnocation(TestStudent.java:18)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.getType(SimpleValue.java:314)
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.isValid(SimpleValue.java:292)
at org.hibernate.mapping.Property.isValid(Property.java:239)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:483)
at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:270)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validate(Configuration.java:1329)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1791)
at oto_fk.TestStudent.testOneTOneAnnocation(TestStudent.java:18)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
2、一对一双向外键关联
主控方的配置同一对一单向外键关联
@OneToOne(mappedBy="card")//被控方
双向关联,必须设置mappedBy属性。因为双向关联只能交给一方去控制,不可能在双方都设置外键保存关联关系,否则双方都无法保存。
将IdCard中添加Student的关联关系
package com.txr.oto.bfk;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
//身份证类
@Entity
public class IdCard {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="pid")
@GenericGenerator(name="pid",strategy="assigned")
@Column(length=18)
private String pid;//身份证号码
private String sname;//学生的姓名
@OneToOne(mappedBy="card")
private Student stu;
public Student getStu() {
return stu;
}
public void setStu(Student stu) {
this.stu = stu;
}
public String getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(String pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public IdCard(String pid, String sname) {
super();
this.pid = pid;
this.sname = sname;
}
public IdCard() {
}
}
运行结果:
3、一对一单向外键联合主键
创建主键类
主键类必须实现serializable接口,重写hashCode()和equals()方法。
主键类
@Embeddable
实体类
@EmbeddedId
具体的详细部分请参见上一章的属性级别注解
4、多对一单向外键关联
多方持有一方的引用,比如:多个学生对应一个班级(多对一)
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},
fetch=FetchType.EAGER
)
@JoinColumn(name="cid",referencedColumnName="CID")
Student类
package com.txr.mto_fk;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
private int sid;
private String gender;
private Date birthday;
private String major;
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinColumn(name="cid",referencedColumnName="CID")
private ClassRoom classRoom;
public ClassRoom getClassRoom() {
return classRoom;
}
public void setClassRoom(ClassRoom classRoom) {
this.classRoom = classRoom;
}
public Student() {
}
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getMajor() {
return major;
}
public void setMajor(String major) {
this.major = major;
}
public Student(int sid, String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
super();
this.sid = sid;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
}
ClassRoom类
package com.txr.mto_fk;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
//班级
@Entity
public class ClassRoom {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="cid")
@GenericGenerator(name="cid",strategy="assigned")
@Column(length=4)
private String cid;
private String cname;
public String getCid() {
return cid;
}
public void setCid(String cid) {
this.cid = cid;
}
public String getCname() {
return cname;
}
public void setCname(String cname) {
this.cname = cname;
}
public ClassRoom(String cid, String cname) {
this.cid = cid;
this.cname = cname;
}
public ClassRoom() {
}
}
测试:
package mto_fk;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestStudent {
@Test
public void testSchemaExport()
{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
SchemaExport export =new SchemaExport(config);
export.create(true,true);
}
}
测试结果:
5、一对多单向外键关联
一方持有多方的集合,一个班级有多个学生(一对多)
@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name="cid")
总结:多对一时候,多方设置EAGER,一方设置LAZY
student类
package com.txr.mto_bfk;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private int sid;
private String name;
private String gender;
private Date birthday;
private String major;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Student() {
}
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getMajor() {
return major;
}
public void setMajor(String major) {
this.major = major;
}
public Student(int sid, String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
this.sid = sid;
this.name=name;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
public Student(String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
this.name=name;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
}
班级类
package com.txr.mto_bfk;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
//班级
@Entity
public class ClassRoom {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="cid")
@GenericGenerator(name="cid",strategy="assigned")
@Column(length=4)
private String cid;
private String cname;
public String getCid() {
return cid;
}
public void setCid(String cid) {
this.cid = cid;
}
public String getCname() {
return cname;
}
public void setCname(String cname) {
this.cname = cname;
}
public ClassRoom(String cid, String cname) {
this.cid = cid;
this.cname = cname;
}
public ClassRoom() {
}
}
测试类:
@Test
public void addStudentAndClass()
{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
ClassRoom classRoom=new ClassRoom("1603", "软件三班");
Student student=new Student("txr","女", new Date(), "软件工程");
Student student1=new Student("xqh","女", new Date(), "软件工程");
student.setClassRoom(classRoom);
student1.setClassRoom(classRoom);
session.save(classRoom);
session.save(student1);
session.save(student);
Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
transaction.commit();
}
运行结果
6、一对多双向外键关联
在双方添加注解
7、多对多单向外键关联
学生和教师构成多对多的关联关系。
其中一个多方持有另一个多方的集合对象(学生持有教师的集合)
创建中间表
//学生类
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(
name="teachers_students",//中间表表名
joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")},//这俩个指定相应控制类字段
inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}
)
Student类
package com.txr.mtm_fk;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private int sid;
private String name;
private String gender;
private Date birthday;
private String major;
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(
name="teachers_students",
joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="sid")},
inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}
)
private Set<Teacher> teachers=new HashSet<Teacher>();
public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
return teachers;
}
public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
this.teachers = teachers;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Student() {
}
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getMajor() {
return major;
}
public void setMajor(String major) {
this.major = major;
}
public Student(int sid, String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
this.sid = sid;
this.name=name;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
public Student(String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
this.name=name;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
}
}
Teacher类
package com.txr.mtm_fk;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
//教师
@Entity
public class Teacher {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="tid")
@GenericGenerator(name="tid",strategy="assigned")
@Column(length=4)
private String tid;
private String tname;
public String getTid() {
return tid;
}
public void setTid(String tid) {
this.tid = tid;
}
public String getTname() {
return tname;
}
public void setTname(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}
public Teacher() {
}
public Teacher(String tid, String tname) {
super();
this.tid = tid;
this.tname = tname;
}
}
测试:
@Test
public void testStudent()
{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
SchemaExport export=new SchemaExport(config);
export.create(true,true);
}
运行结果
添加数据:
@Test
public void addTS()
{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
Teacher t=new Teacher("001", "txr");
Teacher t1=new Teacher("002", "xqh");
Student s1=new Student("lyh", "男", new Date(), "软件工程");
Student s2=new Student("pha", "男", new Date(), "软件工程");
s1.getTeachers().add(t);
s1.getTeachers().add(t1);
s2.getTeachers().add(t);
s2.getTeachers().add(t1);
session.save(t1);
session.save(t);
session.save(s1);
session.save(s2);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
运行结果:
8、多对多双向外键关联
双方持有对方的集合对象,其中一方设置
//教师类
@ManyToMany(mappedBy="teachers")
另一方
//学生类
@ManyToMany
@JoinTable(
name="teachers_students",
joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}
)