关系映射级别注解

实体之间的映射关系

1、一对一：一个公民对应一个身份证号码。

2、一对多（多对一）：一个公民有多个银行账号。

3、多对多：一个学生可以有多个老师，一个老师有多个学生。

1、一对一单向外键

@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.All)

@JoinColumn(name="pid",unique=true)

例子：

student类

package com.txr.oto.fk;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;


//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
	
	private int sid;

	private IdCard card;
	private String gender;
	private Date birthday;
	private String major;
	
	@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
	@JoinColumn(name="pid",unique=true)
	public IdCard getCard() {
		return card;
	}
	public void setCard(IdCard card) {
		this.card = card;
	}
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	public void setMajor(String major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	public Student() {
	}
	public Student(IdCard card, String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
		this.card = card;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	
	

}

IdCard类

package com.txr.oto.fk;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;


//身份证类
@Entity
public class IdCard {

	
	private String pid;//身份证号码
	private String sname;//学生的姓名
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="pid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="pid",strategy="assigned")
	@Column(length=18)
	public String getPid() {
		return pid;
	}
	public void setPid(String pid) {
		this.pid = pid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public IdCard(String pid, String sname) {
		super();
		this.pid = pid;
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public IdCard() {
	}
	
	
	
	
}

运行结果：

注意：注解要么全部写在字段上，要不全部写在getXX()方法上，千万不能混合使用否则会报如下错误

org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not determine type for: com.txr.oto.fk.IdCard, at table: Student, for columns: [org.hibernate.mapping.Column(card)]
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.getType(SimpleValue.java:314)
at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.isValid(SimpleValue.java:292)
at org.hibernate.mapping.Property.isValid(Property.java:239)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:483)
at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:270)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validate(Configuration.java:1329)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1791)
at oto_fk.TestStudent.testOneTOneAnnocation(TestStudent.java:18)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

2、一对一双向外键关联

主控方的配置同一对一单向外键关联

@OneToOne(mappedBy="card")//被控方

双向关联，必须设置mappedBy属性。因为双向关联只能交给一方去控制，不可能在双方都设置外键保存关联关系，否则双方都无法保存。

将IdCard中添加Student的关联关系

package com.txr.oto.bfk;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;


//身份证类
@Entity
public class IdCard {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="pid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="pid",strategy="assigned")
	@Column(length=18)
	private String pid;//身份证号码
	private String sname;//学生的姓名
	
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="card")
	private Student stu;
	
	public Student getStu() {
		return stu;
	}
	public void setStu(Student stu) {
		this.stu = stu;
	}
	public String getPid() {
		return pid;
	}
	public void setPid(String pid) {
		this.pid = pid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public IdCard(String pid, String sname) {
		super();
		this.pid = pid;
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public IdCard() {
	}
	
	
	
	
}

运行结果：

3、一对一单向外键联合主键

创建主键类

  主键类必须实现serializable接口，重写hashCode()和equals()方法。

主键类

@Embeddable

实体类

@EmbeddedId

具体的详细部分请参见上一章的属性级别注解

4、多对一单向外键关联

多方持有一方的引用，比如：多个学生对应一个班级（多对一）

@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER )

@JoinColumn(name="cid",referencedColumnName="CID")

Student类

package com.txr.mto_fk;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;


//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
	
	@Id
	private int sid;
	private String gender;
	private Date birthday;
	private String major;
	@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
	@JoinColumn(name="cid",referencedColumnName="CID")
	private ClassRoom classRoom;
	
	
	public ClassRoom getClassRoom() {
		return classRoom;
	}
	public void setClassRoom(ClassRoom classRoom) {
		this.classRoom = classRoom;
	}
	public Student() {
	}
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	public void setMajor(String major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Student(int sid, String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
		super();
		this.sid = sid;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	

}

ClassRoom类

package com.txr.mto_fk;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

//班级
@Entity
public class ClassRoom {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="cid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="cid",strategy="assigned")
	@Column(length=4)
	private String cid;
	private String cname;
	public String getCid() {
		return cid;
	}
	public void setCid(String cid) {
		this.cid = cid;
	}
	public String getCname() {
		return cname;
	}
	public void setCname(String cname) {
		this.cname = cname;
	}
	public ClassRoom(String cid, String cname) {
		this.cid = cid;
		this.cname = cname;
	}
	public ClassRoom() {
	}
	
	
	
	
}

测试：

package mto_fk;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.Test;

public class TestStudent {
	@Test
	public void testSchemaExport()
	{
		Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
		SchemaExport export =new SchemaExport(config);
		export.create(true,true);
	}
}

测试结果：

5、一对多单向外键关联

一方持有多方的集合，一个班级有多个学生（一对多）

@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.LAZY)

@JoinColumn(name="cid")

总结：多对一时候，多方设置EAGER，一方设置LAZY

student类

package com.txr.mto_bfk;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;


//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	private int sid;
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private Date birthday;
	private String major;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student() {
	}
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	public void setMajor(String major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Student(int sid, String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {

		this.sid = sid;
		this.name=name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Student(String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {

		this.name=name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	

}

班级类

package com.txr.mto_bfk;

import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

//班级
@Entity
public class ClassRoom {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="cid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="cid",strategy="assigned")
	@Column(length=4)
	private String cid;
	private String cname;
	public String getCid() {
		return cid;
	}
	public void setCid(String cid) {
		this.cid = cid;
	}
	public String getCname() {
		return cname;
	}
	public void setCname(String cname) {
		this.cname = cname;
	}
	public ClassRoom(String cid, String cname) {
		this.cid = cid;
		this.cname = cname;
	}
	public ClassRoom() {
	}
	
	
	
	
}

测试类：

@Test
	public void addStudentAndClass()
	{
		Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
		ClassRoom classRoom=new ClassRoom("1603", "软件三班");
		Student student=new Student("txr","女", new Date(), "软件工程");
		Student student1=new Student("xqh","女", new Date(), "软件工程");
		student.setClassRoom(classRoom);
		student1.setClassRoom(classRoom);
		session.save(classRoom);
		session.save(student1);
		session.save(student);
		Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
		transaction.commit();
	}

运行结果

6、一对多双向外键关联

在双方添加注解

7、多对多单向外键关联

学生和教师构成多对多的关联关系。

其中一个多方持有另一个多方的集合对象(学生持有教师的集合)

创建中间表

//学生类

@ManyToMany

@JoinTable(

name="teachers_students",//中间表表名

joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")},//这俩个指定相应控制类字段

inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}

)

Student类

package com.txr.mtm_fk;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;


//学生实体类
@Entity
public class Student {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	private int sid;
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private Date birthday;
	private String major;
	
	@ManyToMany
	@JoinTable(
			name="teachers_students",
			joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="sid")},
			inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}
			)
	
	private Set<Teacher> teachers=new HashSet<Teacher>();
	
	
	public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
		return teachers;
	}
	public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
		this.teachers = teachers;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student() {
	}
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	public void setMajor(String major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Student(int sid, String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {

		this.sid = sid;
		this.name=name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Student(String name,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {

		this.name=name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.major = major;
	}
	
	

}

Teacher类

package com.txr.mtm_fk;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

//教师
@Entity
public class Teacher {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator="tid")
	@GenericGenerator(name="tid",strategy="assigned")
	@Column(length=4)
	private String tid;
	private String tname;
	public String getTid() {
		return tid;
	}
	public void setTid(String tid) {
		this.tid = tid;
	}
	public String getTname() {
		return tname;
	}
	public void setTname(String tname) {
		this.tname = tname;
	}
	public Teacher() {
		
	}
	public Teacher(String tid, String tname) {
		super();
		this.tid = tid;
		this.tname = tname;
	}
	
}

测试：

@Test
	public void testStudent()
	{

		Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
		SchemaExport export=new SchemaExport(config);
		export.create(true,true);
	}

运行结果

添加数据：

@Test
	public void addTS()
	{
		Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction();
		Teacher t=new Teacher("001", "txr");
		Teacher t1=new Teacher("002", "xqh");
		Student s1=new Student("lyh", "男", new Date(), "软件工程");
		Student s2=new Student("pha", "男", new Date(), "软件工程");
		s1.getTeachers().add(t);
		s1.getTeachers().add(t1);
		s2.getTeachers().add(t);
		s2.getTeachers().add(t1);
		session.save(t1);
		session.save(t);
		session.save(s1);
		session.save(s2);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}

运行结果：

8、多对多双向外键关联

双方持有对方的集合对象，其中一方设置

//教师类

@ManyToMany(mappedBy="teachers")

另一方

//学生类

@ManyToMany

@JoinTable(

name="teachers_students",

joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")}

)