02、安装kubeadm

概述

kubeadm 是 kubernetes 的集群安装工具，能够快速安装 kubernetes 集群。

配置软件源

要采用root用户

更改root密码：sudo passwd

更改完后，切换用户 su root

# 安装系统工具
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
# 安装 GPG 证书
sudo curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
# 写入软件源；注意：我们用系统代号为 bionic，但目前阿里云不支持，所以沿用 16.04 的 xenial
sudo cat << EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
# 安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

安装 kubeadm，kubelet，kubectl

# 安装
apt-get update  
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装过程如下，注意 kubeadm 的版本号
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  conntrack cri-tools kubernetes-cni socat
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  conntrack cri-tools kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni socat
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 96 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 290 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 conntrack amd64 1:1.4.4+snapshot20161117-6ubuntu2 [30.6 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.2-2ubuntu2 [342 kB]
Get:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 cri-tools amd64 1.12.0-00 [5,343 kB]
Get:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubernetes-cni amd64 0.7.5-00 [6,473 kB]
Get:5 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubelet amd64 1.14.1-00 [21.5 MB]
Get:6 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubectl amd64 1.14.1-00 [8,806 kB]
Get:7 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 kubeadm amd64 1.14.1-00 [8,150 kB]
Fetched 50.6 MB in 5s (9,912 kB/s) 
Selecting previously unselected package conntrack.
(Reading database ... 67205 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-conntrack_1%3a1.4.4+snapshot20161117-6ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking conntrack (1:1.4.4+snapshot20161117-6ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cri-tools.
Preparing to unpack .../1-cri-tools_1.12.0-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cri-tools (1.12.0-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubernetes-cni.
Preparing to unpack .../2-kubernetes-cni_0.7.5-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubernetes-cni (0.7.5-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package socat.
Preparing to unpack .../3-socat_1.7.3.2-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking socat (1.7.3.2-2ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubelet.
Preparing to unpack .../4-kubelet_1.14.1-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubelet (1.14.1-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubectl.
Preparing to unpack .../5-kubectl_1.14.1-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubectl (1.14.1-00) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubeadm.
Preparing to unpack .../6-kubeadm_1.14.1-00_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubeadm (1.14.1-00) ...
Setting up conntrack (1:1.4.4+snapshot20161117-6ubuntu2) ...
Setting up kubernetes-cni (0.7.5-00) ...
Setting up cri-tools (1.12.0-00) ...
Setting up socat (1.7.3.2-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up kubelet (1.14.1-00) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
Setting up kubectl (1.14.1-00) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
# 注意这里的版本号，我们使用的是 kubernetes v1.14.1
Setting up kubeadm (1.14.1-00) ...

# 设置 kubelet 自启动，并启动 kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

• kubeadm：用于初始化 Kubernetes 集群
• kubectl：Kubernetes 的命令行工具，主要作用是部署和管理应用，查看各种资源，创建，删除和更新组件
• kubelet：主要负责启动 Pod 和容器