在应用开发中,经常需要一些周期性的操作,比如每5分钟检查一下新邮件等。对于这样的操作最方便、高效的实现方式就是使用java.util.Timer工具类。比如下面的代码每5分钟检查一遍是否有新邮件:
private
java.util.Timer timer;
timer = new Timer( true );
timer.schedule( new java.util.TimerTask() {
public void run() {
// server.checkNewMail(); 检查新邮件
}
} , 0 , 5 * 60 * 1000 );
timer = new Timer( true );
timer.schedule( new java.util.TimerTask() {
public void run() {
// server.checkNewMail(); 检查新邮件
}
} , 0 , 5 * 60 * 1000 );
使用这几行代码之后,Timer本身会每隔5分钟调用一遍server.checkNewMail()方法,不需要自己启动线程。Timer本身也是多线程同步的,多个线程可以共用一个Timer,不需要外部的同步代码。
在《The Java Tutorial》中有更完整的例子:
public
class
AnnoyingBeep
{
Toolkit toolkit;
Timer timer;
public AnnoyingBeep() {
toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule( new RemindTask(),
0 , // initial delay
1 * 1000 ); // subsequent rate
}
class RemindTask extends TimerTask {
int numWarningBeeps = 3 ;
public void run() {
if (numWarningBeeps > 0 ) {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println( " Beep! " );
numWarningBeeps -- ;
} else {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println( " Time′s up! " );
// timer.cancel(); // Not necessary because we call System.exit
System.exit( 0 ); // Stops the AWT thread (and everything else)
}
}
}
}
Toolkit toolkit;
Timer timer;
public AnnoyingBeep() {
toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule( new RemindTask(),
0 , // initial delay
1 * 1000 ); // subsequent rate
}
class RemindTask extends TimerTask {
int numWarningBeeps = 3 ;
public void run() {
if (numWarningBeeps > 0 ) {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println( " Beep! " );
numWarningBeeps -- ;
} else {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println( " Time′s up! " );
// timer.cancel(); // Not necessary because we call System.exit
System.exit( 0 ); // Stops the AWT thread (and everything else)
}
}
}
}
这段程序,每隔3秒响铃一声,并打印出一行消息。循环3次。程序输出如下:
Task scheduled.
Beep!
Beep! //one second after the first beep
Beep! //one second after the second beep
Time′s up! //one second after the third beep
Timer类也可以方便地用来作为延迟执行,比如下面的代码延迟指定的时间(以秒为单位)执行某操作。类似电视的延迟关机功能。
public class ReminderBeep {
public ReminderBeep( int seconds) {
toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule( new RemindTask(), seconds * 1000 );
}
class RemindTask extends TimerTask {
public void run() {
System.out.println( " Time′s up! " );
toolkit.beep();
// timer.cancel(); // Not necessary because we call System.exit
System.exit( 0 ); // Stops the AWT thread (and everything else)
}
}
}